चरति

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Pali

Alternative forms

Verb

चरति (root car, first conjugation)

  1. Devanagari script form of carati (“to walk”)

Conjugation

  • Present active participle: चरन्त् (carant), which see for forms and usage
  • Present middle participle: चरमान (caramāna), which see for forms and usage

Adjective

चरति (carati)

  1. Devanagari script form of carati, which is masculine and neuter locative singular of चरन्त् (carant), present participle of the verb above

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷél-e-ti, from *kʷel- (to move; to turn (around)). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō), Latin colō, Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍 (carānī, I move, approach), Old English hwēol (whence English wheel). See also चलति (cálati).

Pronunciation

Verb

चरति (cárati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root चर्)

  1. to move oneself, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)
  2. to spread, be diffused (as fire)
  3. to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.2:
      इन्द्र॑स्य दू॒तीरि॑षि॒ता च॑रामि म॒ह इ॒च्छन्ती॑ पणयो नि॒धीन्व॑:।
      अ॒ति॒ष्कदो॑ भि॒यसा॒ तन्न॑ आव॒त्तथा॑ र॒साया॑ अतरं॒ पयां॑सि॥
      índrasya dūtī́riṣitā́ carāmi mahá icchántī paṇayo nidhī́nva:.
      atiṣkádo bhiyásā tánna āvattáthā rasā́yā ataraṃ páyāṃsi.
      I come appointed messenger of Indra, seeking your ample stores of wealth, O Paṇis.
      This hath preserved me from the fear of crossing: thus have I made my way o' er Rasa's waters.
  4. to behave, conduct oneself, act, live, treat (with instrumental or locative)
  5. to be engaged in, occupied or busy with
  6. to have intercourse with, have to do with (+instrumental)
  7. to continue performing or being
  8. (astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction
  9. to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make
  10. to consume, eat (with accusative), graze
  11. to make or render (with double accusative)
  12. (causative) to cause to move or walk about
  13. (causative) to pasture
  14. (causative) to send, direct, turn, move
  15. (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to walk through (+accusative)
  16. (causative) to drive away from (+ ablative)
  17. (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)
  18. (causative) to cause (any animal, +accusative) to eat
  19. (causative) to cause to copulate
  20. (causative) to ascertain (as through a spy instr.)
  21. (causative) to doubt
  22. (desiderative) to try to go
  23. (desiderative) to wish to act or conduct oneself
  24. (desiderative) to try to have intercourse with
  25. (intensive) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative)
  26. (intensive) to act wantonly or coquettishly

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: चरितुम् (cáritum)
Undeclinable
Infinitive चरितुम्
cáritum
Gerund चरित्वा
caritvā́
Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive चर्य / चरितव्य / चरणीय
cárya / caritavya / caraṇīya
Feminine Gerundive चर्या / चरितव्या / चरणीया
cáryā / caritavyā / caraṇīyā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle चरित
caritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle चरिता
caritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle चरितवत्
caritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle चरितवती
caritávatī
Present: चरति (cárati), चरते (cárate)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third चरति
cárati
चरतः
cárataḥ
चरन्ति
cáranti
चरते
cárate
चरेते
cárete
चरन्ते
cárante
Second चरसि
cárasi
चरथः
cárathaḥ
चरथ
cáratha
चरसे
cárase
चरेथे
cárethe
चरध्वे
cáradhve
First चरामि
cárāmi
चरावः
cárāvaḥ
चरामः / चरामसि¹
cárāmaḥ / cárāmasi¹
चरे
cáre
चरावहे
cárāvahe
चरामहे
cárāmahe
Imperative
Third चरतु
cáratu
चरताम्
cáratām
चरन्तु
cárantu
चरताम्
cáratām
चरेताम्
cáretām
चरन्ताम्
cárantām
Second चर
cára
चरतम्
cáratam
चरत
cárata
चरस्व
cárasva
चरेथाम्
cárethām
चरध्वम्
cáradhvam
First चराणि
cárāṇi
चराव
cárāva
चराम
cárāma
चरै
cárai
चरावहै
cárāvahai
चरामहै
cárāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third चरेत्
cáret
चरेताम्
cáretām
चरेयुः
cáreyuḥ
चरेत
cáreta
चरेयाताम्
cáreyātām
चरेरन्
cáreran
Second चरेः
cáreḥ
चरेतम्
cáretam
चरेत
cáreta
चरेथाः
cárethāḥ
चरेयाथाम्
cáreyāthām
चरेध्वम्
cáredhvam
First चरेयम्
cáreyam
चरेव
cáreva
चरेम
cárema
चरेय
cáreya
चरेवहि
cárevahi
चरेमहि
cáremahi
Subjunctive
Third चरात् / चराति
cárāt / cárāti
चरातः
cárātaḥ
चरान्
cárān
चराते / चरातै
cárāte / cárātai
चरैते
cáraite
चरन्त / चरान्तै
cáranta / cárāntai
Second चराः / चरासि
cárāḥ / cárāsi
चराथः
cárāthaḥ
चराथ
cárātha
चरासे / चरासै
cárāse / cárāsai
चरैथे
cáraithe
चराध्वै
cárādhvai
First चराणि
cárāṇi
चराव
cárāva
चराम
cárāma
चरै
cárai
चरावहै
cárāvahai
चरामहै
cárāmahai
Participles
चरत्
cárat
चरमाण
cáramāṇa
Notes
  • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
  • ¹Vedic
Imperfect: अचरत् (ácarat), अचरत (ácarata)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अचरत्
ácarat
अचरताम्
ácaratām
अचरन्
ácaran
अचरत
ácarata
अचरेताम्
ácaretām
अचरन्त
ácaranta
Second अचरः
ácaraḥ
अचरतम्
ácaratam
अचरत
ácarata
अचरथाः
ácarathāḥ
अचरेथाम्
ácarethām
अचरध्वम्
ácaradhvam
First अचरम्
ácaram
अचराव
ácarāva
अचराम
ácarāma
अचरे
ácare
अचरावहि
ácarāvahi
अचरामहि
ácarāmahi
Future: चरिष्यति (cariṣyáti), चरिष्यते (cariṣyáte)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third चरिष्यति
cariṣyáti
चरिष्यतः
cariṣyátaḥ
चरिष्यन्ति
cariṣyánti
चरिष्यते
cariṣyáte
चरिष्येते
cariṣyéte
चरिष्यन्ते
cariṣyánte
Second चरिष्यसि
cariṣyási
चरिष्यथः
cariṣyáthaḥ
चरिष्यथ
cariṣyátha
चरिष्यसे
cariṣyáse
चरिष्येथे
cariṣyéthe
चरिष्यध्वे
cariṣyádhve
First चरिष्यामि
cariṣyā́mi
चरिष्यावः
cariṣyā́vaḥ
चरिष्यामः / चरिष्यामसि¹
cariṣyā́maḥ / cariṣyā́masi¹
चरिष्ये
cariṣyé
चरिष्यावहे
cariṣyā́vahe
चरिष्यामहे
cariṣyā́mahe
Participles
चरिष्यत्
cariṣyát
चरिष्यमाण
cariṣyámāṇa
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Conditional: अचरिष्यत् (ácariṣyat), अचरिष्यत (ácariṣyata)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अचरिष्यत्
ácariṣyat
अचरिष्यताम्
ácariṣyatām
अचरिष्यन्
ácariṣyan
अचरिष्यत
ácariṣyata
अचरिष्येताम्
ácariṣyetām
अचरिष्यन्त
ácariṣyanta
Second अचरिष्यः
ácariṣyaḥ
अचरिष्यतम्
ácariṣyatam
अचरिष्यत
ácariṣyata
अचरिष्यथाः
ácariṣyathāḥ
अचरिष्येथाम्
ácariṣyethām
अचरिष्यध्वम्
ácariṣyadhvam
First अचरिष्यम्
ácariṣyam
अचरिष्याव
ácariṣyāva
अचरिष्याम
ácariṣyāma
अचरिष्ये
ácariṣye
अचरिष्यावहि
ácariṣyāvahi
अचरिष्यामहि
ácariṣyāmahi
Aorist: अचारीत् (ácārīt), अचारिष्ट (ácāriṣṭa)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अचारीत्
ácārīt
अचारिष्टाम्
ácāriṣṭām
अचारिषुः
ácāriṣuḥ
अचारिष्ट
ácāriṣṭa
अचारिषाताम्
ácāriṣātām
अचारिषत
ácāriṣata
Second अचारीः
ácārīḥ
अचारिष्टम्
ácāriṣṭam
अचारिष्ट
ácāriṣṭa
अचारिष्ठाः
ácāriṣṭhāḥ
अचारिषाथाम्
ácāriṣāthām
अचारिढ्वम्
ácāriḍhvam
First अचारिषम्
ácāriṣam
अचारिष्व
ácāriṣva
अचारिष्म
ácāriṣma
अचारिषि
ácāriṣi
अचारिष्वहि
ácāriṣvahi
अचारिष्महि
ácāriṣmahi
Injunctive
Third चारीत्
cā́rīt
चारिष्टाम्
cā́riṣṭām
चारिषुः
cā́riṣuḥ
चारिष्ट
cā́riṣṭa
चारिषाताम्
cā́riṣātām
चारिषत
cā́riṣata
Second चारीः
cā́rīḥ
चारिष्टम्
cā́riṣṭam
चारिष्ट
cā́riṣṭa
चारिष्ठाः
cā́riṣṭhāḥ
चारिषाथाम्
cā́riṣāthām
चारिढ्वम्
cā́riḍhvam
First चारिषम्
cā́riṣam
चारिष्व
cā́riṣva
चारिष्म
cā́riṣma
चारिषि
cā́riṣi
चारिष्वहि
cā́riṣvahi
चारिष्महि
cā́riṣmahi
Subjunctive
Third चारिषत् / चारिषति
cā́riṣat / cā́riṣati
चारिषतः
cā́riṣataḥ
चारिषन्
cā́riṣan
चारिषते / चारिषातै
cā́riṣate / cā́riṣātai
चारिषैते
cā́riṣaite
चारिषन्त
cā́riṣanta
Second चारिषः / चारिषसि
cā́riṣaḥ / cā́riṣasi
चारिषथः
cā́riṣathaḥ
चारिषथ
cā́riṣatha
चारिषसे / चारिषासै
cā́riṣase / cā́riṣāsai
चारिषैथे
cā́riṣaithe
चारिषध्वे / चारिषाध्वै
cā́riṣadhve / cā́riṣādhvai
First चारिषाणि
cā́riṣāṇi
चारिषाव
cā́riṣāva
चारिषाम
cā́riṣāma
चारिषै
cā́riṣai
चारिषावहे
cā́riṣāvahe
चारिषामहे / चारिषामहै
cā́riṣāmahe / cā́riṣāmahai
Notes
  • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
Benedictive/Precative: चर्यात् (caryā́t) or चर्याः (caryā́ḥ), -
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Optative/Potential
Third चर्यात् / चर्याः¹
caryā́t / caryā́ḥ¹
चर्यास्ताम्
caryā́stām
चर्यासुः
caryā́suḥ
- - -
Second चर्याः
caryā́ḥ
चर्यास्तम्
caryā́stam
चर्यास्त
caryā́sta
- - -
First चर्यासम्
caryā́sam
चर्यास्व
caryā́sva
चर्यास्म
caryā́sma
- - -
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Perfect: चचार (cacā́ra), चेरे (ceré)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third चचार
cacā́ra
चेरतुः
cerátuḥ
चेरुः
cerúḥ
चेरे
ceré
चेराते
cerā́te
चेरिरे
ceriré
Second चचर्थ / चचरिथ
cacártha / cacáritha
चेरथुः
ceráthuḥ
चेर
cerá
चेरिषे
ceriṣé
चेराथे
cerā́the
चेरिध्वे
ceridhvé
First चचर / चचार¹
cacára / cacā́ra¹
चेरिव
cerivá
चेरिम
cerimá
चेरे
ceré
चेरिवहे
ceriváhe
चेरिमहे
cerimáhe
Participles
चेरिवांस्
cerivā́ṃs
चेराण
cerāṇá
Notes
  • ¹Later Sanskrit

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Pali: carati

References