हृद्

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See also: हद, हदें, हदों, हिंद, हिंदू, हिंदी, हौद, and हृदा

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥d-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā), Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Latin cor, German Herz, Old English heorte (whence English heart). Related to हृदय (hṛ́daya).

Pronunciation

Noun

हृद् • (hṛ́d) stem, n

  1. heart
    Synonym: हृदय (hṛ́daya)
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.43.1:
      कद्रु॒द्राय॒ प्रचे॑तसे मी॒ळ्हुष्ट॑माय॒ तव्य॑से ।
      वो॒चेम॒ शंत॑मं हृ॒दे ॥
      kádrudrā́ya prácetase mīḷhúṣṭamāya távyase.
      vocéma śáṃtamaṃ hṛdé.
      What shall we sing to Rudra, strong, most generous, excellently wise,
      That shall be dearest to his heart?
  2. soul, mind
  3. the heart or interior of the body
  4. breast, chest

Declension

Neuter root-stem declension of हृद् (hṛ́d)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative हृत्
hṛ́t 		हृदी
hṛdī́ 		हृदि
hṛ́di
Vocative हृत्
hṛ́t 		हृदी
hṛ́dī 		हृदि
hṛ́di
Accusative हृत्
hṛ́t 		हृदी
hṛdī́ 		हृदि
hṛ́di
Instrumental हृदा
hṛdā́ 		हृद्भ्याम्
hṛdbhyā́m 		हृद्भिः
hṛdbhíḥ
Dative हृदे
hṛdé 		हृद्भ्याम्
hṛdbhyā́m 		हृद्भ्यः
hṛdbhyáḥ
Ablative हृदः
hṛdáḥ 		हृद्भ्याम्
hṛdbhyā́m 		हृद्भ्यः
hṛdbhyáḥ
Genitive हृदः
hṛdáḥ 		हृदोः
hṛdóḥ 		हृदाम्
hṛdā́m
Locative हृदि
hṛdí 		हृदोः
hṛdóḥ 		हृत्सु
hṛtsú

The Vedic nom./acc.sg. is हार्दि (hā́rdi).

References

  • “हृद्” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
  • Monier Williams (1899) “हृद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302, column 2.
  • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृद्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
  • Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “hṛd”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818
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