ὕστερος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The comparative form of an unattested adjective, with the superlative of ὕστᾰτος (hústatos), from Proto-Indo-European *údteros (“higher, outer”) from *úd (“upwards, away”), which would make it cognate with English out.

Pronunciation

Adjective

ῠ̔́στερος • (hústeros) m (feminine ῠ̔στέρᾱ, neuter ῠ̔́στερον); first/second declension

1. latter
   1. (of place) latter, coming after, behind
      • 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1243
      • 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1040
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 734
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.3.21
      • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Choreutes 14
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 11.5
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 503C
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Lysis 206E
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.103
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 251
   2. (of time) next
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.17
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.479
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 7.2.10
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.103
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.130
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 702
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 865A
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1666
      • 3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 7.10
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.333
      • 391 BCE, Aristophanes, Assemblywomen 859
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 87C
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.166
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.32
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.54
      1. later, too late
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.320
         • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 691
         • 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 69
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90
         • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 222
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 92
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1312A.4
      2. (with genitive of object) too late for
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.120
         • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 690
         • 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 1174
         • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 698E
      3. (substantive) posterity
         • 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 1225
         • 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 13
         • 415 BCE, Euripides, The Trojan Women 1245
   3. (of inferiority)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.215
      • 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 181
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.91
      • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 746
      • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 23
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 896C
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.41
   4. (adverbial, the neuter ὕστερον is more often used than the standard ὑστέρως)
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.42
      1. (of time) later, afterwards
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.91
         • 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 61
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.319
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.27
         • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 858
         • 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 270
         • 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Collected Works 53.4
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.171
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.8
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.64
         • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Simon 39
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.52
         • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.1.1
         • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 327C
         • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 471C
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.49
         • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 58A
         • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 415D
         • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 165A
         1. (with genitive)
            • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.113
            • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.83
            • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.18
            • 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 57
            • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.140
            • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.91
            • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.3
            • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Aegineticus 22
            • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.60
            • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.4
      2. (with prepositions)
         • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.126
         • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 351
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.41
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.74
         • 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 1194
         • 407 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis 720
         • 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 82B
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.13
         • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.27
         • 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 14.109
         • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 4.73
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.108
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.106
         • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.85

Inflection

Related terms

• ῠ̔στερέω (husteréō)
• ὑστέρα (hustéra)

Descendants

• Greek: ύστερος (ýsteros), polytonic spelling: ὕστερος

References

• “ὕστερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὕστερος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὕστερος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὕστερος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὕστερος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὕστερος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5306 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • behind idem, page 71.
  • behindhand idem, page 72.
  • belated idem, page 72.
  • below idem, page 73.
  • beneath idem, page 73.
  • hind idem, page 400.
  • immaterial idem, page 417.
  • inferior idem, page 437.
  • late idem, page 478.
  • later idem, page 478.
  • lower idem, page 503.
  • posterior idem, page 629.
  • second idem, page 746.
  • subsequent idem, page 832.
  • succeeding idem, page 833.
  • under idem, page 912.
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1103