サ行変格活用
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See also: サ行變格活用
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行 | 変 | 格 | 活 | 用 |
| ぎょう Grade: 2 |
へん Grade: 4 |
かく Grade: 5 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
| goon | kan’on | |||
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| サ行變格活用 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
Compound of サ行 (sa-gyō, “sa-row”) + 変格活用 (henkaku katsuyō, “irregular conjugation”).
Pronunciation
Noun
サ行変格活用 • (sa-gyō henkaku katsuyō) ←さぎやうへんかくくわつよう (sa-gyau fenkaku kwatuyou)?
| Modern | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
仮定形 Conditional |
命令形 Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| する (sur-, “to do”) | し (shi) せ (se) さ (sa) |
し (shi) | する (suru) | する (suru) | すれ (sure) | しろ (shiro) せよ (seyo) |
| Archaic | 未然形 Irrealis |
連用形 Adverbial |
終止形 Conclusive |
連体形 Attributive |
已然形 Realis |
命令形 Imperative |
| す (s-, “to do”) | せ (se) | し (si → shi) | す (su) | する (suru) | すれ (sure) | せよ (seyo2 → seyo) |
Usage notes
- Some archaic verbs, such as 愛す (aisu, modern 愛する (aisuru), “to love”) were interchanged with the archaic 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) or modern 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quin-tigrade conjugation”).
- Some archaic verbs, due to rendaku (連濁), shifted into modern 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”):
- そらにす (sora ni su, “do by memory”) → 諳んずる (soranzuru) → 諳んじる (soranjiru, “to memorize”)
- 命ずる (meizuru) → 命じる (meijiru, “to order”)