柔然

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Chinese

phonetic
trad. (柔然) 柔 然
simp. #(柔然) 柔 然
Wikipedia has an article on:

Etymology

Borrowed from Rouran.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 柔 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 耳由切 如延切
Baxter nyuw nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨu/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵiu/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑiəu/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵuw/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiu/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭəu/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ə̯u/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		róu rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau4 jin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柔 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		róu rán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyuw › ‹ nyen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nu/ /*a/
English soft so, thus; (adv suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柔 然
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 8825 10756
Phonetic
component 		矛 肰
Rime
group 		幽 元
Rime
subdivision 		1 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		柔 然
Old
Chinese 		/*mlju/ /*njen/

Proper noun

柔然

  1. (historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)
  2. (historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)

Synonyms

Descendants

  • → English: Rouran

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
柔 然
じゅう
Grade: S 		ぜん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Proper noun

柔(じゅう)然(ぜん) • (Jūzen) 

  1. (historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)
  2. (historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)

Korean

Hanja in this term
柔然

Proper noun

柔然 • (Yuyeon) (hangeul 유연)

  1. hanja form? of 유연 (“Rouran”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
柔然

Proper noun

柔然

  1. chữ Hán form of Nhu Nhiên (“Rouran”).
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