烏桓

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See also: 乌桓

Chinese

a crow; black; not
a crow; black; not; empty; void
 
 surname; Sapindus mukurosi
trad. (烏桓) 烏 桓
simp. (乌桓) 乌 桓
alternative forms 烏丸／乌丸
Wikipedia has an article on:

Etymology

“an ancient ethnic group”
Pulleyblank (1991b) suggested that this term is possibly related to Avars (Etymology 2) according to his reconstructed Old Chinese pronunciation.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 烏 桓
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 哀都切 胡官切
Baxter 'u hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuo/ /ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuo/ /ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔo/ /ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɔ/ /ɦwan/
Li
Rong 		/ʔo/ /ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/u/ /ɣuɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔuo/ /ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wū huán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu1 wun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 烏 桓
Reading # 3/3 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wū huán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔu › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁa/ /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *ʷˁar)
English 烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn) 烏桓 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 烏 桓
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13077 14004
Phonetic
component 		烏 亘
Rime
group 		魚 元
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		烏 桓
Old
Chinese 		/*qaː/ /*ɡʷaːn/

Proper noun

烏桓

  1. Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China
  2. (～山), Mount Wuhuan (a mountain in north of Ar Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia, China)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
烏 桓
う
Jinmeiyō 		がん
Hyōgai
goon

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Chinese 烏桓／乌桓 (Wūhuán).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

烏(う)桓(がん) • (Ugan) ←うぐわん (Ugwan)?

  1. Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China

Korean

Hanja in this term
烏桓

Proper noun

烏桓 • (Ohwan) (hangeul 오환)

  1. hanja form? of 오환 (“Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
烏桓

Proper noun

烏桓

  1. chữ Hán form of Ô Hoàn (“Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China”).
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