鏗鏘

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See also: 铿锵

Chinese

		jingling of metals; to strike	tinkling of small bells
trad. (鏗鏘)		鏗	鏘
simp. (铿锵)		铿	锵

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kēngqiāng

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄥㄑㄧㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hang¹ coeng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kēngqiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄥㄑㄧㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kengciang
  - Wade–Giles: kʻêng¹-chʻiang¹
  - Yale: kēng-chyāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kengchiang
  - Palladius: кэнцян (kɛncjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hang¹ coeng¹
  - Yale: hāng chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang¹ tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng¹ cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kheang tshjang

Rime
Character	鏗	鏘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	口莖切	七羊切
Baxter	kheang	tshjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛŋ/	/t͡sʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæŋ/	/t͡sʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐŋ/	/t͡sʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨjŋ/	/t͡sʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɛŋ/	/t͡sʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰæŋ/	/t͡sʰĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰæŋ/	/t͡sʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kēng	qiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang¹	coeng¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰreːŋ sʰaŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鏗	鏘
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1351	10296
Phonetic component	臣	爿
Rime group	耕	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	鏗	鏘
Old Chinese	/*kʰreːŋ/	/*sʰaŋ/

Adjective

鏗鏘

sonorous; resounding; ringing

Derived terms

鏗鏘有力／铿锵有力 (kēngqiāngyǒulì)
鏗鏗鏘鏘／铿铿锵锵

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鏗	鏘
こう Hyōgai	そう Hyōgai
kan'on	goon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーそー (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Adjective

鏗(こう)鏘(そう) • (kōsō) ^{←かうさう (kausau)^?}^†-tari (adnominal 鏗(こう)鏘(そう)とした (kōsō to shita) or 鏗(こう)鏘(そう)たる (kōsō taru), adverbial 鏗(こう)鏘(そう)と (kōsō to) or 鏗(こう)鏘(そう)として (kōsō to shite))

(literary) resounding (of bells, stones, musical instruments, etc)

Inflection

Classical conjugation of "鏗鏘たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	鏗鏘たら	こうそうたら	kousoutara
Continuative (連用形)	鏗鏘と鏗鏘たり	こうそうとこうそうたり	kousouto kousoutari
Terminal (終止形)	鏗鏘たり	こうそうたり	kousoutari
Attributive (連体形)	鏗鏘たる	こうそうたる	kousoutaru
Realis (已然形)	鏗鏘たれ	こうそうたれ	kousoutare
Imperative (命令形)	鏗鏘たれ	こうそうたれ	kousoutare
Key constructions
Negative	鏗鏘たらず	こうそうたらず	kousoutarazu
Contrasting conjunction	鏗鏘たれど	こうそうたれど	kousoutaredo
Causal conjunction	鏗鏘たれば	こうそうたれば	kousoutareba
Conditional conjunction	鏗鏘たらば	こうそうたらば	kousoutaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	鏗鏘たりき	こうそうたりき	kousoutariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	鏗鏘たりけり	こうそうたりけり	kousoutarikeri
Adverbial	鏗鏘と	こうそうと	kousouto
Without auxiliary verb. With auxiliary verb.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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