꾸다

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Korean

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?kkuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?kkuda
McCune–Reischauer?kkuda
Yale Romanization?kkwuta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean ᄭᅮ〮다〮 (Yale: skwú-tá).

Verb

꾸다 • (kkuda) (infinitive 꾸어 or 꿔, sequential 꾸니)

  1. to dream
    꿈을 꾸다 ― kkum-eul kkuda ― to have a dream
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 꾸다 (kkuda): vowel-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 꾼다
kkunda 		꾸어
kkueo 		꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo 		꿉니다
kkumnida
Past 꾸었다
kkueotda 		꾸었어
kkueosseo 		꾸었어요
kkueosseoyo 		꾸었습니다
kkueotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 꾸느냐
kkuneunya 		꾸어
kkueo 		꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo 		꿉니까
kkumnikka
Past 꾸었느냐
kkueonneunya 		꾸었어
kkueosseo 		꾸었어요
kkueosseoyo 		꾸었습니까
kkueotseumnikka
Hortative 꾸자
kkuja		 꾸어
kkueo		 꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo		 꾸십시다
kkusipsida
Imperative 꾸어라, 꿔라
kkueora, kkwora		 꾸어
kkueo		 꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo		 꿉시오
kkupsio
Assertive 꾸겠다
kkugetda		 꾸겠어
kkugesseo		 꾸겠어요
kkugesseoyo		 꾸겠습니다
kkugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 꾸어
kkueo		 꾸어서, 꿔서
kkueoseo, kkwoseo		 꾸니
kkuni		 꾸니까
kkunikka
Contrast 꾸지만
kkujiman		 꾸는데
kkuneunde		 꾸더니
kkudeoni
Conjunction 꾸고
kkugo
Condition 꾸면
kkumyeon		 꾸어야, 꿔야
kkueoya, kkwoya
Motive 꾸려고
kkuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 꿈
kkum		 꾸기
kkugi
Past-tense verbal nouns 꾸었음, 꿨음
kkueosseum, kkwosseum		 꾸었기, 꿨기
kkueotgi, kkwotgi
Determiners Past 꾼
kkun
Present 꾸는
kkuneun
Future 꿀
kkul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 꾸신다
kkusinda 		꾸셔
kkusyeo 		꾸세요, 꾸셔요
kkuseyo, kkusyeoyo 		꾸십니다
kkusimnida
Past 꾸셨다
kkusyeotda 		꾸셨어
kkusyeosseo 		꾸셨어요
kkusyeosseoyo 		꾸셨습니다
kkusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 꾸시느냐
kkusineunya 		꾸셔
kkusyeo 		꾸세요, 꾸셔요
kkuseyo, kkusyeoyo 		꾸십니까
kkusimnikka
Past 꾸셨느냐
kkusyeonneunya 		꾸셨어
kkusyeosseo 		꾸셨어요
kkusyeosseoyo 		꾸셨습니까
kkusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 꾸시라
kkusira		 꾸셔
kkusyeo		 꾸세요
kkuseyo		 꾸십시오
kkusipsio
Assertive 꾸시겠다
kkusigetda		 꾸시겠어
kkusigesseo		 꾸시겠어요
kkusigesseoyo		 꾸시겠습니다
kkusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 꾸셔
kkusyeo		 꾸셔서
kkusyeoseo		 꾸시니
kkusini		 꾸시니까
kkusinikka
Contrast 꾸시지만
kkusijiman		 꾸시는데
kkusineunde		 꾸시더니
kkusideoni
Conjunction 꾸시고
kkusigo
Condition 꾸시면
kkusimyeon		 꾸셔야
kkusyeoya
Motive 꾸시려고
kkusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 꾸심
kkusim		 꾸시기
kkusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 꾸셨음
kkusyeosseum		 꾸셨기
kkusyeotgi
Determiners Past 꾸신
kkusin
Present 꾸시는
kkusineun
Future 꾸실
kkusil
Derived terms

Etymology 2

First attested in the Samgang haengsildo (三綱行實圖 / 삼강행실도), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄢᅮ다 (Yale: pskwu-ta).

Verb

꾸다 • (kkuda) (infinitive 꾸어 or 꿔, sequential 꾸니)

  1. (rare) to borrow
Usage notes

Nowadays appears chiefly in the derived antonym 꾸어주다 (kkueojuda, “to lend”). The general word for "to borrow" is 빌리다 (billida).

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 꾸다 (kkuda): vowel-stem, regular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 꾼다
kkunda 		꾸어
kkueo 		꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo 		꿉니다
kkumnida
Past 꾸었다
kkueotda 		꾸었어
kkueosseo 		꾸었어요
kkueosseoyo 		꾸었습니다
kkueotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 꾸느냐
kkuneunya 		꾸어
kkueo 		꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo 		꿉니까
kkumnikka
Past 꾸었느냐
kkueonneunya 		꾸었어
kkueosseo 		꾸었어요
kkueosseoyo 		꾸었습니까
kkueotseumnikka
Hortative 꾸자
kkuja		 꾸어
kkueo		 꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo		 꾸십시다
kkusipsida
Imperative 꾸어라, 꿔라
kkueora, kkwora		 꾸어
kkueo		 꾸어요, 꿔요
kkueoyo, kkwoyo		 꿉시오
kkupsio
Assertive 꾸겠다
kkugetda		 꾸겠어
kkugesseo		 꾸겠어요
kkugesseoyo		 꾸겠습니다
kkugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 꾸어
kkueo		 꾸어서, 꿔서
kkueoseo, kkwoseo		 꾸니
kkuni		 꾸니까
kkunikka
Contrast 꾸지만
kkujiman		 꾸는데
kkuneunde		 꾸더니
kkudeoni
Conjunction 꾸고
kkugo
Condition 꾸면
kkumyeon		 꾸어야, 꿔야
kkueoya, kkwoya
Motive 꾸려고
kkuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 꿈
kkum		 꾸기
kkugi
Past-tense verbal nouns 꾸었음, 꿨음
kkueosseum, kkwosseum		 꾸었기, 꿨기
kkueotgi, kkwotgi
Determiners Past 꾼
kkun
Present 꾸는
kkuneun
Future 꿀
kkul
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 꾸신다
kkusinda 		꾸셔
kkusyeo 		꾸세요, 꾸셔요
kkuseyo, kkusyeoyo 		꾸십니다
kkusimnida
Past 꾸셨다
kkusyeotda 		꾸셨어
kkusyeosseo 		꾸셨어요
kkusyeosseoyo 		꾸셨습니다
kkusyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 꾸시느냐
kkusineunya 		꾸셔
kkusyeo 		꾸세요, 꾸셔요
kkuseyo, kkusyeoyo 		꾸십니까
kkusimnikka
Past 꾸셨느냐
kkusyeonneunya 		꾸셨어
kkusyeosseo 		꾸셨어요
kkusyeosseoyo 		꾸셨습니까
kkusyeotseumnikka
Imperative 꾸시라
kkusira		 꾸셔
kkusyeo		 꾸세요
kkuseyo		 꾸십시오
kkusipsio
Assertive 꾸시겠다
kkusigetda		 꾸시겠어
kkusigesseo		 꾸시겠어요
kkusigesseoyo		 꾸시겠습니다
kkusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 꾸셔
kkusyeo		 꾸셔서
kkusyeoseo		 꾸시니
kkusini		 꾸시니까
kkusinikka
Contrast 꾸시지만
kkusijiman		 꾸시는데
kkusineunde		 꾸시더니
kkusideoni
Conjunction 꾸시고
kkusigo
Condition 꾸시면
kkusimyeon		 꾸셔야
kkusyeoya
Motive 꾸시려고
kkusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 꾸심
kkusim		 꾸시기
kkusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 꾸셨음
kkusyeosseum		 꾸셨기
kkusyeotgi
Determiners Past 꾸신
kkusin
Present 꾸시는
kkusineun
Future 꾸실
kkusil
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