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See also: ս, Ս, and ս-

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian (-s).

Pronunciation

Suffix

(-s)

  1. a possessive suffix marking 1st person possession
    գիրքսgirkʻsmy book
    գնալսgnalsmy going
    ձեռքերովսjeṙkʻerovswith my hands
    1. co-occurs with postpositions in pseudo-possessive meaning identifying the location in the 1st person
      մոտսmotswith me/at me/near me
      վրասvrason me
  2. a personal suffix used to refer to the 1st person as an agent; found in idioms and certain constructions
    ես ինքսes inkʻsI myself
    Ես՝ Վահագն Ա. Պետրոսյանս, կազմեցի սույն օրինակը։
    Es, Vahagn A. Petrosyans, kazmecʻi suyn ōrinakə.
    I, Vahagn A. Petrosyan Esq., made up the following example.
    ես ինքսes inkʻsI myself
    Դուք՝ առաջավորներդ, պիտի օգնեք մեզ՝ ետ մնացողներիս։
    Dukʻ, aṙaǰavornerd, piti ōgnekʻ mez, et mnacʻoġneris.
    You, the advanced ones, have to help us, the backward ones.
  3. a demonstrative suffix found in
    1. some temporal expressions indicating a point of time being very close to the moment of speech
      ամառսamaṙsthis summer
    2. some expressions indicating a location very close (or even familiar) to the speaker
      Բարբառումս կա 43 հնչյուն։Barbaṙums ka 43 hnčʻyun.There are 43 sounds in this dialect.

See also

References

  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009) Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian (London Oriental and African Language Library; 14), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 112–116

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From *սո- (*so-).

Suffix

(-s)

  1. this, these (near the speaker)
    կինս զոր ետուրkins zor eturthis woman given me by you
    զոր ասեմսzor asemswhat I say
  2. (personal pronoun) I
    տէրս եւ վերդապետսtērs ew verdapetsI who am a lord and master
  3. sometimes used for ornament
    յորոց միջի ես բնակեալս եմyorocʻ miǰi es bnakeals emamong whom I live
    զոր ինչ եսս գործեմzor inčʻ ess gorcemthat which I do
    զոր սայս խօսիzor says xōsiwhat he says
    որպէս եւ եսս եմorpēs ew ess emas I am
    վասն իրացս այսոցիկvasn iracʻs aysocʻikfor these things
    զոր այժմս ասացիzor ayžms asacʻiwhat I have just now said
Usage notes

See the notes in (-d).

Descendants
  • Armenian: (-s)

References

  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
  • Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 390
  • Gočanean, Pōġos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʻerakanutʻiwn [Practical Grammar of Classical Old Armenian]‎ (in Armenian), Vienna and Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, pages 24–25
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ս”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy

Etymology 2

From the Proto-Indo-European plural accusative case ending *-Vns, *-(C)n̥s. Compare dialectal Ancient Greek λύκονς (lúkons, wolves), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰-𐌽𐍃 (daga-ns, days).

Suffix

(-s)

  1. plural accusative case marker
    շունսšunsaccusative plural of շուն (šun)
  2. forming adverbs
Derived terms
References
  • Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 388
  • Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 102
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian, Zagreb, page 19

Etymology 3

Either from (-s, plural accusative case marker) (see Etymology 2) or inherited from Proto-Indo-European plural locative marker *-su by apocope; compare Sanskrit वृकेषु (vṛkeṣu).

Suffix

(-s)

  1. plural locative case marker
    շունսšunslocative plural of շուն (šun)
References
  • Godel, Robert (1975) An introduction to the study of classical Armenian, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 103
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Armenian, Zagreb, page 19

Etymology 4

From Proto-Indo-European *-si, the second-person singular primary personal ending. The preservation in Armenian is probably due to the influence of ես (es, you are).

Suffix

(-s)

  1. second-person singular present-tense ending of verbs
    որսասorsasyou hunt
    գրեսgresyou write
    հայիսhayisyou look
    արգելուսargelusyou hinder
Derived terms
See also

References

  • Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 391