-TŁAH

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See also: -tlah and tłah

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑx̣d (“to jump up, to move quickly, to blaze up”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna tiltlaat (“single subject moves quickly, runs”), diltlet (“it caught on fire”).

Occurs in Navajo in bases related to burning, and also in a few bases of disparate meanings in relation with nervosity and heightened feelings, some with unusual prefix compounds, listed below without further grouping.

Root

-TŁAH

 1. to burn, to blaze up, to catch fire

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
di + l adjectival

S burns, is afire

↳ hodiltłiʼ
di + l transitional

S catches fire

↳ hodiiltłáád

S ignites O, sets fire to O

↳ adiiłtłáád

 2. to be agitated, hysterical, angry

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
l ? S gets nervous, jumpy, S palpitates (heart)
l ? S has an heated argument
↳ ahinídiiltłáád
l ? S jumps at opportunity
l ? S go to make love
di + ∅ transitional S becomes hysterical

Stem set

Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -tłáád -tłah -tłił -tłiʼ -tłáád
NEUT -tłiʼ — – — —

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to burn:

to be nervous:

to pulsate:

to be angry:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (burn)

Etymology 2

Possibly cognate with -TŁAH (“to jump up, to burn”) above. Compare with interjection in Ahtna ostla! (“stop it!”).

Root

-TŁAH

  1. to stop, to halt
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
l motion

S stops, halts

↳ niʼíltłáád

S stops, halts O

↳ niʼíłtłáád

Stem set

Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -tłáád -tłah -tłił -tłiʼ -tłáád

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (stop)

Etymology 3

From Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑɣ̇ (“to rub oil, to grease”). Perhaps related to -TŁÉÉʼ, classificatory root for mushy matter.

Cognate root found in Ahtna ełtlagh (“I'm rubbing it with oil”).

Root

-TŁAH

  1. to grease, to anoint, to lubricate
Theme Category Bases Passive / Reflexive (+d)
O + ł conversive

S lubricates, smears O with grease

↳ hałtłah
↳ náʼáłtłah

S is greased

  • —
  • —
↳ haltłah
↳ náltłah
↳ ádíltłah

Stem set

Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM / CONCL -tłah -tłah -tłah -tłah -tłah

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to smear:

 
 
 
Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TŁAH (grease)

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