Appendix:Lower Sorbian adjectives

• 1: like in Upper Sorbian, somes cases drop final vowel for poetic and colloquial language;
• 2: singular locative masculine and neuter in older texts and dialects uses -ym/-im endings instead;
• rad is the only adjective with nominative-only forms;
• some adjectival pronouns have also other irregularities in their declensions, e.g. naš, waš, ten, žeden, sam;
• there is group of indeclinable adjectives, usually of foreign origin, like blond (“blond”);

Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives are used to compare degree of intensity of the same feature described by the adjective. Adjectives constitute three degrees of comparison - positive: pěkny (“pretty”), comparative: pěknjejšy (“prettier”) and superlative: nejpěknjejšy (“the prettiest”). In Lower Sorbian there are three different types of comparison: regular, irregular and descriptive. In the case of superlative adjectives, the accent falls on the second syllable, e.g. nejlěpšy .

Superlative is always formed by adding a prefix nej- to the comparative form or, if the adjective is compared in a descriptive way, by using the word nejwěcej instead of comparative wěcej.

Comparative of adjectives is formed by adding the ending -šy:

• -y/-i → -šy (nowy → nowšy, młody → młodšy)

which is often accompanied by alternatiom of an adjective stem:

• -ł-y → -l-šy (kisały → kisalšy);
• -oł-y → -el-šy (wjasoły → wjaselšy);
• -łk-i → -l-šy (měłki → mělšy);
• -n-y → -ń-šy (šykowany → šykowańšy);
• -n-i → -ń-šy (tuni → tuńšy);
• -g-i → -šy (drogi → drošy);
• -ch-y → -šy (śichy → śišy);
• -sk-i → -šy (niski → nišy);
• -sok-i → -šy (wusoki → wušy);
• -žk-i → -šy (śěžki → śěšy);
• -k-i → -šy (gładki → gładšy);
• -k-i → -šy (śańki → śańšy);
• -k-i → -šy (krotki → krotšy);
• -ok-i → -šy (daloki → dalšy);
• -ok-i → -šy (dłymoki → dłymšy);
• -ok-i → -šy (šyroki → šyršy).

or the ending -ejšy (with alternation in a stem):

• -d-y → -ź-ejšy (gjardy → gjarźejšy);
• -ł-y → -l-ejšy (śopły → śoplejšy);
• -n-y → -nj-ejšy (pilny → pilnjejšy);
• -r-y → -rj-ejšy (mudry → mudrjejšy);
• -rk-i → -rc-ejšy (górki → górcejšy);
• -sk-i → -sč-ejšy (wuski → wusčejšy);
• -st-y → -sć-ejšy (cysty → cysćejšy);
• -tš-y → -tś-ejšy (wótšy → wótśejšy);
• -žk-i → -žč-ejšy (lažki → lažčejšy).

There is a number of adjectives which have an irregular comparative form. Compare:

Some adjectives form comparatives and superlatives by using the adverbs wěcej and nejwěcej (which themselves are comparative and superlative of the adverb wjele respectively) before an adjective.

It is possible to form comparatives and superlatives this way even for adjectives whose comperative can be formed regularly or irregularly (as described earlier). For instance: znaty (“famous, well-known”) → wěcej znaty (“more famous”) → nejwěcej znaty (“the most famous”).

Adjectives derivied from nouns (e.g. drjewjany (“wooden”), metalny (“metal”)) do not form comparatives and superlatives. Additionaly, adjectival participles, adjectival pronouns and ordinal numerals do not either.

Adjectives in their comparative and superlative forms are declinable. They are declined in accordance to the earlier mentioned pattern. Analogously, they depend on gender, number and case and receive similar case endings.

Adverbs are derived by removing an adjective ending and replacing it with the -o or -e suffix.

Examples:

• jěsny → jěsno, wjasoły → wjasele etc.

If an adjective ends in -r-y, the adverb receives the -rj-e ending:

• mudry → mudrje etc.