Appendix:Romanian morphology

The Romanian language's many phonetic mutations may seem confusing at first, but it comes naturally with time and practice.

When o is followed by one or more consonants, the o changes to oa if the next syllable will contain ă or e.

When e is followed by one or more consonants, the e changes to ea if the next syllable will contain ă.

When ă is followed by one or more consonants or a syllable containing ă, the ă changes to e if the next syllable will contain e or i.

*Note that there are two mutations in this word. See the section on the d/z mutation.

When a is followed by a syllable containing ă or e, the a changes to e if the next syllable will contain e, i or uri.

When a is followed by a syllable containing ă or e, the a changes to ă if the next syllable will contain e, i or uri.

When ea is followed by one or more consonants or a syllable containing ă, the ea changes to e if the next syllable will contain e, i or uri.

When oa is followed by a syllable containing ă or e, the oa changes to o and the ă or e in the next syllable will change to i.

When ie is followed by one or more consonants, the ie changes to ia if the next syllable will contain ă.

When â is followed by one or more consonants, the â changes to i if the next syllable will contain e or i.

In these mutations, the stressed syllable and the actual letter change. They generally occur most often in verb conjugation.

Stressed a changes to unstressed ă.

Stressed o changes to unstressed u.

Consonant mutations are quite a bit easier than vowel mutations. Mutations occur when a consanant will be followed by certain vowels (usually e, i or î). Which vowel(s) will be indicated on the example charts.