Appendix:Sundanese spellings

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id
Sundanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia su

This appendix details the spelling considerations for Sundanese according to the Palanggeran Éjahan Basa Sunda (Sundanese Spelling Rules), as discussed in the 1998 Kongres Bahasa Sunda (Sundanese Language Congress) and its 2008 and 2017 update, with some additions in accordance with the consensus previously reached in discussions in the Sundanese Wikipedia. For comparison, the Sundanese standard orthography leans closely to the Indonesian spelling rules according to the EYD, with some slight differences.

Alphabets

There are 27 letters in the Sundanese alphabet, each representing their own respective phonemes with the exception of eu /ɤ/ (digraph) and x /ks/.

Vowels
Letters A I U
É
 O E EU
Phonemes a i u e, ɛ ɔ ə ɤ
Consonants
Letter B C D F1 G H
J
 K L M N P
Q1
 R S T
V1
 W
X1
 Y Z1
Phonemes b t͡ʃ d f1 ɡ h d͡ʒ k l m n p q~k r s t v~f~p w ks y z~j

Notes
1 Non-native

Capitalization

The following are capitalized in Sundanese:

  • The first letter at the beginning of a sentence
  • The first letter at the beginning of a quotation
  • Names of God, deities, religious figures, religions and religious texts (including the pronoun -Na ("His"))
  • Honorary, religious and academic titles preceding a personal name
  • Positions and ranks if followed by a personal name
  • Personal names
  • Names of nationalities, ethnic groups and languages
  • Names of days, months, holidays, and historical events
  • Place names and geographic features (the latter if followed by the place name)
  • Words in the formal names of countries, institutions, organizations and documents, except particles (prepositions, conjunctions, etc.)
  • Words in the names of books and other literary works, except particles (prepositions, conjunctions, etc.)

Affixes

Usually, affixes are written together with the root, without hyphens or spaces. Examples:

This is also true if the word consists of a compound word and simultaneously receives both a prefix and a suffix. Example:

However, in some cases where the word consists of a root added by three or more words or a phrase name, and at the same time receives both a prefix and a suffix, then the compound word should be hyphenated. For example:

If a word consists of a prefix followed by a capitalized word, then it should be separated with a hyphen. Example:

  • non-Sunda
  • pan-Afrikanisme

Reduplication

Words in reduplications (such as pluralized nouns) are separated with a hyphen. Examples:

There is an exception for partial reduplications (e.g. rajékan dwipurwa), in which the word is not separated and unhyphenated. Examples:

Compound word

Components of compound words in Sundanese are written separately with a space. However, a compound may be written with a hyphen to reduce risk of misunderstanding (although in practice rare).

Collocations or older compound words are usually written without a space.

Pronouns

Honorific pronouns, like sim, pun, or tuang, are separated by a space. Example:

Prepositions and particles

Prepositions and particles such as di, dina, ka, kana, ku, ti, tina, etc., are to be written separately with a space.

Syllabification/hyphenation

Rules on syllabification in Sundanese are:

  • Where there are two vowels in-word, the syllable is divided between the two (e.g. a-os, di-eu)
  • Diphthongs should not be syllabified (e.g. a-reuy, ga-teuw)
  • If there is a consonant cluster that is not a digraph (e.g. eu, etc.) in the middle of the word, the word is syllabified between the consonants (e.g. tib-ra, seg-long, nam-bru)
    • There are some exceptions to this rule, e.g. as seen in Pan-dé-glang. This is due to its etymology.
  • Affixes should be regarded as its own syllable (e.g. a-os-eun, pa-rek-an)
  • If the affix is merged with the root word (e.g. in the case of nga- or pa-), it is syllabified together with the root word. (e.g. nga-pak, ne-da, pa-ma-éh)
  • In case of infixes, the syllable is divided normally (e.g. ba-ru-dak, su-mu-jud)
    • In case of infixes that has been turn into a prefix, it should be regarded as its own syllable (e.g. ar-u-lin, u-ma-mis)

Resources

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