Reconstruction:Azerbaijani/imək
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This Azerbaijani entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Azerbaijani
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Negative forms are from deyil, from Proto-Turkic *degül. Alongside stem suppletion, (suffixed) simple copulas -dir are from Proto-Turkic *tur- (cf. durmaq (“to stand”)); -əm, -sən, and -siniz are from personal pronouns (cf. mən, sən and siz); while -ik are from Proto-Turkic *-ik (suppletive morpheme to *biŕ). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰼 (r² /er-/), Turkish *imek, and Uzbek *emoq.
Verb
*imək (irregular, defective)
- (copulative) to be
Conjugation
Missing forms are supplied by the present simple copulas (between parentheses in the table below), and by olmaq. Thus, the actual infinitive form of *imek is olmaq, as the verb serves as infinitive of *imek and itself.
This verb lacks infinitive and other forms; the negative form deyil should not be confused with the infinitive deyilmək, which is derived from demək + -il and thus unrelated.
Conjugation of *imək
| positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| subject non-past participle | ikən | |||||||
| subject past participle | imiş | |||||||
| subject future definite participle | — | |||||||
| subject future indefinite participle | — | |||||||
| non-subject participle | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| converb | — | |||||||
| gerund | — | |||||||
| infinitive | — | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| indicative | present | simple | — (-əm) | — (-sən) | — (-dir) | — (-ik) | — (-siniz) | — (-dirlər) |
| perfect | imişəm | imişsən | imiş | imişik | imişsiniz | imişlər | ||
| past | simple | idim | idin | idi | idik | idiniz | idilər | |
| continuous | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| perfect | imişdim | imişdin | imişdi | imişdik | imişdiniz | imişdilər | ||
| future | definite | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| indefinite | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| future-in-the-past | definite | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| indefinite | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| conditional | present | isəm | isən | isə | isək | isəniz | isələr | |
| past | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| subjunctive | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| hortative | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| obligational | present | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| past | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| imperative | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| negative | ||||||||
| subject non-past participle | deyilkən | |||||||
| subject past participle | deyilmiş | |||||||
| subject future definite participle | — | |||||||
| subject future indefinite participle | — | |||||||
| non-subject participle | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| converb | — | |||||||
| gerund | — | |||||||
| infinitive | — | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| indicative | present | simple | deyiləm | deyilsən | deyildir | deyilik | deyilsiniz | deyildirlər |
| perfect | deyilmişəm | deyilmişsən | deyilmiş | deyilmişik | deyilmişsiniz | deyilmişlər | ||
| past | simple | deyildim | deyildin | deyildi | deyildik | deyildiniz | deyildilər | |
| continuous | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| perfect | deyilmişdim | deyilmişdin | deyilmişdi | deyilmişdik | deyilmişdiniz | deyilmişdilər | ||
| future | definite | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| indefinite | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| future-in-the-past | definite | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| indefinite | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| conditional | present | deyilsəm | deyilsən | deyilsə | deyilsək | deyilsəniz | deyilsələr | |
| past | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| subjunctive | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| hortative | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| obligational | present | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| past | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| imperative | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Usage notes
- When compounded, for example the verb sahib *imək has infinitive form of sahib olmaq (this can confused with the same verb). This verb can be conjugated by using the verb olmaq (sahib olduq); the defective verb *imek (sahib idik); or by suffixing (sahibdik) whilst retaining imişdi → -miş idi (sahibmiş idik) and the olmaq and deyil suppletions (sahib deyildik, sahib olmağacaq).
Derived terms
References
- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*er-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill