Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tullos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Perhaps from earlier *tux-slo-, from Proto-Indo-European *tuk-slo-, from the root *tewk- (“to push, press (into), beat; to pierce, perforate”), an extended form of *(s)tew-. However, the attested Celtic reflexes show no trace of the presumed *x.^[1]

Adjective

*tullos^[1]^{[note 1]}

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullos	*tullou	*tulloi
vocative	*tulle	*tullou	*tulloi
accusative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullons
genitive	*tullī	*tullous	*tullom
dative	*tullūi	*tullobom	*tullobos
instrumental	*tullū	*tullobim	*tullobis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullā	*tullai	*tullās
vocative	*tullā	*tullai	*tullās
accusative	*tullam	*tullai	*tullans
genitive	*tullās	*tullous	*tullom
dative	*tullai	*tullābom	*tullābos
instrumental	*?	*tullābim	*tullābis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullā
vocative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullā
accusative	*tullom	*tullou	*tullā
genitive	*tullī	*tullous	*tullom
dative	*tullūi	*tullobom	*tullobos
instrumental	*tullū	*tullobim	*tullobis

Declension of the comparative
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
vocative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
accusative	*tullyosam	*?	*tullyosans
genitive	*tullisos	*?	*tullisom
dative	*tullisei	*?	*tullisbos
instrumental	*tullisī	*?	*tullisbis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
vocative	*tullyūs	*?	*tullyoses
accusative	*tullyosam	*?	*tullyosans
genitive	*tullisos	*?	*tullisom
dative	*tullisei	*?	*tullisbos
instrumental	*tullisī	*?	*tullisbis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tullis	*?	*?
vocative	*tullis	*?	*?
accusative	*tullis	*?	*?
genitive	*tullisos	*?	*tullisom
dative	*tullisei	*?	*tullisbos
instrumental	*tullisī	*?	*tullisbis

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Breton: tull (“foramen”)
  - Middle Breton: toull
    - Breton: toull (“hole”)
- Cornish: toll, tol
- Middle Welsh: twll
  - Welsh: twll (“hole”)
Old Irish: toll
- Irish: toll
Celtiberian:
- → Asturian: tollu, atollar, atolladal
- → Catalan: toll
- → Galician: tol, atolar
- → Spanish: tollo, atolladero, atollar

Notes

^ Substantivized as a masculine or neuter noun meaning "hole" or "foramen" in several descendants.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tullo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393

[2] Substantivized as a masculine or neuter noun meaning "hole" or "foramen" in several descendants.

[EDPC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*tullo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 393

[1]

[note 1]