Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fullaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós, the original past participle of *pleh₁- (“to fill”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸul.lɑz/

Adjective

*fullaz

full (not empty)
(strong only) the whole, the entire

Inflection

Declension of *fullaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*fullaz	*fullō	*fullą, -atō	*fullai	*fullôz	*fullō
accusative	*fullanǭ	*fullǭ	*fullą, -atō	*fullanz	*fullōz	*fullō
genitive	*fullas, -is	*fullaizōz	*fullas, -is	*fullaizǫ̂	*fullaizǫ̂	*fullaizǫ̂
dative	*fullammai	*fullaizōi	*fullammai	*fullaimaz	*fullaimaz	*fullaimaz
instrumental	*fullanō	*fullaizō	*fullanō	*fullaimiz	*fullaimiz	*fullaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*fullô	*fullǭ	*fullô	*fullaniz	*fullōniz	*fullōnō
accusative	*fullanų	*fullōnų	*fullô	*fullanunz	*fullōnunz	*fullōnō
genitive	*fulliniz	*fullōniz	*fulliniz	*fullanǫ̂	*fullōnǫ̂	*fullanǫ̂
dative	*fullini	*fullōni	*fullini	*fullammaz	*fullōmaz	*fullammaz
instrumental	*fullinē	*fullōnē	*fullinē	*fullammiz	*fullōmiz	*fullammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *full
- Old English: full, ful
  - Middle English: ful, fol, full, vol, vul
    - English: full
    - Scots: fou, full
    - Yola: vull
- Old Frisian: full
  - Saterland Frisian: ful
  - West Frisian: fol
- Old Saxon: ful, full
  - Middle Low German: vol
    - Low German: vull, voll
- Old Dutch: fol
  - Middle Dutch: vol
    - Dutch: vol
      - Afrikaans: vol
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: folo
      - Jersey Dutch: vol
      - Negerhollands: vol
      - → Caribbean Javanese: fol
      - → Indonesian: pol
    - Limburgish: vól
    - West Flemish: vul
- Old High German: foll
  - Middle High German: vol, voll
    - Alemannic German: vole, voll
    - Bavarian: voi, vui
      Cimbrian: vòll, bòll (Mezzaselva)
    - Hunsrik: foll
    - Luxembourgish: voll
    - German: voll
    - Vilamovian: fułł
    - Yiddish: פֿול (ful)
Old Norse: fullr
- Icelandic: fullur
- Faroese: fullur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: full; (dialectal) fudl’u, fudl’e, fudd’e, foill
  - Russenorsk: fol
- Old Swedish: fulder, folder
  - Swedish: full
- Danish: fuld
  - Norwegian Bokmål: full
Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃 (fulls)
→ Proto-Finnic: *pullas (“round, thick”) (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Samic: *polnē (“hillock, mound”)
- Southern Sami: belnie
- Northern Sami: boldni

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fulla- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Aikio, Ante. 2006. "On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory". In Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 91, pp. 9–55.

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fulla- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159

[AA-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Aikio, Ante. 2006. "On Germanic-Saami contacts and Saami prehistory". In Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 91, pp. 9–55.