Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos (“hedge, fence, enclosure”), from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”). More at *gardaz.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑr.dɔːː/, /ˈɣɑr.ðɔːː/

Noun

*gardô m

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *gardô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*gardô	*gardaniz
vocative	*gardô	*gardaniz
accusative	*gardanų	*gardanunz
genitive	*gardiniz	*gardanǫ̂
dative	*gardini	*gardammaz
instrumental	*gardinē	*gardammiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *gardō
- Old Frisian: garda
  - North Frisian: gard, gerd, gord
- Old Saxon: gardo
  - Middle Low German: garde, gārde
    - German Low German: Goorn
- Old Dutch: gardo
  - Middle Dutch: garde
    - Dutch: gaard
    - Limburgish: gäörd
- Old High German: garto
  - Middle High German: garte
    - Alemannic German: Garte, Gaarte
    - Bavarian: Gåatn, Goatn, Gårtn, Gåschtn
      - Cimbrian: gaarto, gart (Luserna)
    - Central Franconian: (Ripuarian) Jaade, Jaat (western Ripuarian), Gaade, Gaarde, Goarde, Goart (Moselle Franconian)
      - Hunsrik: Gaarde
      - Luxembourgish: Gaart
      , ( Britten^[2])
    - East Franconian: ^[3]
    - German: Garten
    - Rhine Franconian: (South Hessian) /ˈɡaːtə/, /ˈɡaːrə/,^[4] (Palatine) /ˈɡaːtə/^[5]
      - Pennsylvania German: Gaarde
    - Yiddish: גאָרטן (gortn)
Old Norse: *garði
- Icelandic: garði
- Norwegian: garde
- Danish: gårde (dialectal)
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌰 (garda)
→ Proto-Finnic: *kartano (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*garda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “*gardan-”
^ "garten". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.
^ Schunk, G.; Klepsch, A.; Munske, H. H.; Rädle, K.; Reichel, S. (2000). Wörterbuch von Mittelfranken. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, page 45.
^ adapted from: Maurer, Friedrich, ed., (1972). Südhessisches Wörterbuch. Marburg: N. G. Elwert Verlag.
^ "Garten". Pfälzisches Wörterbuch.

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*garda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “*gardan-”

[2] "garten". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.

[3] Schunk, G.; Klepsch, A.; Munske, H. H.; Rädle, K.; Reichel, S. (2000). Wörterbuch von Mittelfranken. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, page 45.

[4] ted from: Maurer, Friedrich, ed., (1972). Südhessisches Wörterbuch. Marburg: N. G. Elwert Verlag.

[5] "Garten". Pfälzisches Wörterbuch.

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