Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of unclear origin.[1] The traditional connection with *hrōþiz (“glory, fame”) is phonetically problematic due to the unknown function and origin of the suffix *-p-. That said, Kroonen appears to suggest the tentative possibility that the word is indeed from the same root as *hrōþiz, with the *-p- arising from analogical association with the semantically similar but unrelated Proto-Germanic *wōpijaną (“to cry out, lament”).[2]

Other theories connect the word to Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax), Latin corvus (“raven”), Lithuanian šárka (“magpie”) in the sense of "caw". (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxrɔː.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hrōpaną

  1. to cry out, call, shout

Inflection

Conjugation of *hrōpaną (strong class 7e)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hrōpō *hrōpaų — *hrōpai ?
2nd singular *hrōpizi *hrōpaiz *hrōp *hrōpazai *hrōpaizau
3rd singular *hrōpidi *hrōpai *hrōpadau *hrōpadai *hrōpaidau
1st dual *hrōpōz *hrōpaiw — — —
2nd dual *hrōpadiz *hrōpaidiz *hrōpadiz — —
1st plural *hrōpamaz *hrōpaim — *hrōpandai *hrōpaindau
2nd plural *hrōpid *hrōpaid *hrōpid *hrōpandai *hrōpaindau
3rd plural *hrōpandi *hrōpain *hrōpandau *hrōpandai *hrōpaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hehrōp *hehrōpį̄
2nd singular *hehrōft *hehrōpīz
3rd singular *hehrōp *hehrōpī
1st dual *hehrōpū *hehrōpīw
2nd dual *hehrōpudiz *hehrōpīdiz
1st plural *hehrōpum *hehrōpīm
2nd plural *hehrōpud *hehrōpīd
3rd plural *hehrōpun *hehrōpīn
present past
participles *hrōpandz *hrōpanaz

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrōpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188
  2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hrōpan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249
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