Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lētaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₁d- (“to let (go), be tired”). Compare Latin lassus (“tired”), Albanian lodh, and possibly Ancient Greek ληδεῖν (lēdeîn, “to be tired”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɛː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lētaną

to let, to allow
to leave alone

Inflection

Conjugation of *lētaną (strong class 7d)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*lētō	*lētaų	—	*lētai	?
2nd singular	*lētizi	*lētaiz	*lēt	*lētazai	*lētaizau
3rd singular	*lētidi	*lētai	*lētadau	*lētadai	*lētaidau
1st dual	*lētōz	*lētaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lētadiz	*lētaidiz	*lētadiz	—	—
1st plural	*lētamaz	*lētaim	—	*lētandai	*lētaindau
2nd plural	*lētid	*lētaid	*lētid	*lētandai	*lētaindau
3rd plural	*lētandi	*lētain	*lētandau	*lētandai	*lētaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lelōt	*leltį̄
2nd singular	*lelōst	*leltīz
3rd singular	*lelōt	*leltī
1st dual	*leltū	*leltīw
2nd dual	*leltudiz	*leltīdiz
1st plural	*leltum	*leltīm
2nd plural	*leltud	*leltīd
3rd plural	*leltun	*leltīn

	present	past
participles	*lētandz	*lētanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lātan
- Old English: lǣtan
  - Middle English: leten, letten
    - English: let
    - Scots: lat, let, lete
    - Yola: leth
- Old Frisian: lēta
  - North Frisian:
    - Sylt: let
  - Saterland Frisian: läite
  - West Frisian: litte
- Old Saxon: lātan
  - Middle Low German: lāten
    - German Low German: laten, låten
- Old Dutch: lātan
  - Middle Dutch: lâten
    - Dutch: laten
      - Afrikaans: laat
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: latn
      - Jersey Dutch: lâte
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: at
    - Limburgish: laote
- Old High German: lāzan, lāzzan
  - Middle High German: lāzzen
    - Alemannic German: laa, la, loo, lo, lou, lah
      Swabian: lau, lassa
    - Bavarian: låssn
    - Central Franconian: loße, losse (southernmost Moselle Franconian; few dialects of Ripuarian, including Kölsch)
      Hunsrik: losse
    - East Central German: lossn
    - German: lassen
    - Luxembourgish: loossen
    - Yiddish: לאָזן (lozn)
  - → Old French: laissier, laiser, laisier, laisser, lesser, lessier (in part)
    - Middle French: laisser, laissier
      - French: laisser
        → Breton: lezel
    - Norman: laîssi
    - Picard: laissier
    - → Middle English: *lesen
      - English: lease, leese (Scotland)
        → Dutch: leasen
        ⇒ English: leasing
        → Spanish: leasing
        → Finnish: leasing
        → Polish: leasing
        → Swedish: leasing
      - Scots: lease
      - → Middle Irish: léas
        Irish: léas
Old Norse: láta
- Icelandic: láta
- Faroese: láta
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: la
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: la, lata, late
- Elfdalian: låta
- Old Swedish: lāta
  - Swedish: låta
- Old Danish: latæ
  - Danish: lade
Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽 (lētan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*lētan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 332

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*lētan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 332

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