Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peh₃-^[1]^[2]

to drink
Synonym: *h₁egʷʰ-

Alternative reconstructions

*peh₃(y)-^[3]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃- (42 c, 0 e)

*péh₃-t ~ *ph₃-ént (root aorist)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: अपात् (ápāt)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πῶθι (pôthi, 2sg.impv.)
*pí-ph₃-e-ti (thematic reduplicated present)
*pe-póh₃-e ~ *pe-ph₃-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: पपौ (papáu)
*péh₃-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *pṓmə
  - Ancient Greek: πῶμα (pôma), πόμα (póma)
*péh₃-ti-s ~ *ph₃-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *pótis
  - Ancient Greek: πόσις (pósis)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pHtíš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pHtíṣ
    - Sanskrit: पीति (pītí)
*ph₃-tó-s (“(having been) drunk; having drunk”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *potós
  - Ancient Greek: ποτός (potós, “drunk; that which drinks; drink, for drinking”)
- Proto-Italic: *pōtos
  - Latin: pōtus
    - → Italian: poto
    - ⇒ Latin: pōtō (see there for further descendants)
*péh₃-tlo-m
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸotlom
  - Old Irish: ól (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páHtram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páHtram
    - Sanskrit: पात्र (pā́tra) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *pōtlom
  - Latin: pōculum (see there for further descendants)
*peh₃-ter-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: पातृ (pā́tṛ or pātṛ́, “drinker”)

*pih₃- (reanalyzed) or *peh₃-y- (extended)
- Proto-Albanian: *pīja^[5]
  - Old Albanian: pii
    - Albanian: pi
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *piti (see there for further descendants)
- *pih₃-n-
  - Proto-Albanian:
    - Albanian: pinë
  - Proto-Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: πῑ́νω (pī́nō)
      - Ionic Greek: πῑ́νω (pī́nō)
      - Lesbian Greek: πώνω (pṓnō)
      - Greek: πίνω (píno)
  - Thracian: πίνον (pínon, “beer”)
- *pih₃-wo-m
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    - Proto-Slavic: *pivo (“beer”) (see there for further descendants)
- *poh₃y-éye-ti
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    - Proto-Slavic: *pojiti (“to give to drink”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      - Sanskrit: पाययति (pāyáyati)
- *ph₃i-tó-s
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHtás (with laryngeal metathesis^[6])
    - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      - Sanskrit: पीत (pītá, “(having been) drunk; having drunk, imbibed; saturated”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Anatolian:
- Hittite: (pa-a-aš-šu-an-zi, “to swallow”) (possibly from s-extension *peh₃-s-^[7])
Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: poieti
- Proto-Slavic: *pojь (“beverage, drink”)
Proto-Hellenic: *pótos
- Ancient Greek: πότος (pótos)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: पा (pā, “to drink”)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bibō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71-72
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1194-1195
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 462-463
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pōtus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pi”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 324–325
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Proto-Indo-Iranian, page 1884
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bibō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 71-72

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1194-1195

[3] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 462-463

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pōtus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pi”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 324–325

[6] Lubotsky, Alexander (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Proto-Indo-Iranian, page 1884

[7] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 649

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