Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)azъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂).

• According to Kapović, *ja derives from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂), while *jazъ derives from *eǵHóm.
• Kortlandt, responding to Kapović, derives *jàzъ from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀźun, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵHóm, and rejects *ja as secondary.
• Olander similarly reconstructs only a single early Proto-Slavic form, *ˈēzu, to yield later *ja̋zъ, *já.

*(j)ãzъ

1. I

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ꙗзъ (jazŭ), ꙗ (ja)
    • Old Ruthenian: ꙗ (ja), ꙗзъ (jaz)
      • Belarusian: я (ja)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: я (ja)
      • Ukrainian: я (ja)
    • Russian: я (ja)
  • Old Novgorodian: ꙗꙁъ (jazŭ), ꙗсъ (jasŭ), аꙁъ (azŭ), ꙗ (ja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: азъ (azŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰰⰸⱏ (azŭ)

    • → Old East Slavic: азъ (azŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: азъ (az)
      • Russian: (archaic or religious) аз (az), (pre-1918 orthography) азъ (az)
  • Bulgarian: аз (az), а́зе (áze), яз (jaz), я́зе (jáze), (all of the following dialectal) я́зека (jázeka), я (ja), ес (es), йес (jes)
  • Macedonian: (standard) јас (jas), (dialectal) ја (ja), (dialectal) јазе (jaze), (dialectal) јаска (jaska)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ја̑

    Latin script: jȃ

  • Slovene: jȁz (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: já, jáz
    • Czech: já
  • Polabian: joz, jo
  • Old Polish: ja, jaz
    • Polish: ja
    • Silesian: jŏ
  • Slovak: ja
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: jô
    • Slovincian: jo
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: ja
    • Lower Sorbian: ja

• Mate Kapović (2009), “The accent of Slavic *ja(zъ) ‘I’”, Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics (7891-352X) 35 (2009); pages 53–73
• Mate Kapović (2006), “Reconstruction of Balto-Slavic Personal Pronouns with Emphasis on Accentuation”, PhD dissertation, University of Zadar
• Frederik Kortlandt (2013), “Balto-Slavic personal pronouns and their accentuation”, Baltistica 48/1 (2013), pages 5–11
• Thomas Olander (2015), Proto-Slavic Inflectional Morphology: A Comparative Handbook, pages 78–79