Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ěnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.

• *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
• *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

*-ěnъ

1. Forming adjectives meaning 'made of <the baseword>'; -en
   1. Denominal

      *volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)

      *dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)

      *lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)

   2. Deverbative

      *děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)

      *piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)

• *-nъ
• *-ьnъ

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: -ѣнъ (-jěnŭ), -ꙗнъ (-janŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: -ꙗный (-janyj)
      • Ukrainian: -яний (-janyj)
    • Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj); -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)
  • Old Novgorodian: -ѣне (-jěne)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: -ⱑⱀⱏ (-ěnŭ)

    Old Cyrillic script: -ѣнъ (-ěnŭ)

    • Bulgarian: -ен (-en); -енен (-enen)
    • Macedonian: -ен (-en)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: -ен

    Latin script: -en

  • Slovene: -en
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: -ěný
  • Old Polish: -any
    • Polish: -any
  • Slovak: -ený

• Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 93