Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běditi

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) +‎ *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)).

Considered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.

Verb

*bě̄dìti impf[1][2]

  1. to defeat, to bring calamity
  2. to compel, to coerce, to make to oblige
    Synonym: *prinuditi
  3. to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)
    Synonym: *sъvěťati
  4. to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)
    Synonyms: *klevetiti, *zъlosloviti

Inflection

Conjugation of *běditi, *bědi, *běditь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*běďenьje *běditi *běditъ *bědilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *běďenъ *bědimъ
Active *běďь *bědę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *bědixъ *bědi *bědi *běďǫ *bědiši *běditь
Dual *bědixově *bědista *bědiste *bědivě *bědita *bědite
Plural *bědixomъ *bědiste *bědišę *bědimъ *bědite *bědętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *běďaaxъ *běďaaše *běďaaše — *bědi *bědi
Dual *běďaaxově *běďaašeta *běďaašete *bědivě *bědita —
Plural *běďaaxomъ *běďaašete *běďaaxǫ *bědimъ *bědite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*bědivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)
    • Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”) (dated, dialectal)
    • Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)
    • Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бедить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*běditi”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 56
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бедя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 39
  • бідити in Горох.ua (Етимологія)

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bě̄dìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39: “v. (b)”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “bědjǫ -iti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c sejre (PR 139)”
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