Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gavati

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Onomatopoeic, from the call ga! +‎ *-vati. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *gajati (“to caw”), Proto-Slavic *gakati (“to croak, to shout”). The colloquial word for “crow” in some regions of Russia and Ukraine is from the same stem: Russian га́вка (gávka), Ukrainian га́ва (háva).

Compare English caw, Lithuanian kóvas (“rook”).

Verb

*gavati impf (perfective *gavnǫti)

  1. to make (some sort of) harsh noise
    → to bark, to snarl (for mammals, typically dogs)
    → to caw (for birds, typically corvids)
    → to clack (for inanimate objects)
    → (figurative) to groan, to grumble (for person)
  2. (figurative) (+ *sę) to wrangle, to quarrel, to bicker (usually with *sъ(n) + gen.)

Inflection

Conjugation of *gavati, *gava, *gavajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gavanьje *gavati *gavatъ *gavalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *gavanъ *gavajemъ
Active *gavavъ *gavaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gavaxъ *gava *gava *gavajǫ *gavaješi *gavajetь
Dual *gavaxově *gavasta *gavaste *gavajevě *gavajeta *gavajete
Plural *gavaxomъ *gavaste *gavašę *gavajemъ *gavajete *gavajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gavaaxъ *gavaaše *gavaaše — *gavaji *gavaji
Dual *gavaaxově *gavaašeta *gavaašete *gavajivě *gavajita —
Plural *gavaaxomъ *gavaašete *gavaaxǫ *gavajimъ *gavajite —

Derived terms

  • *gajati (“to caw, to croak”)
  • *gakati (“to croak, to shout”)
  • *gaga (“sea-duck”) (regional)
  • *gava, *gavъka (“crow”) (Eastern Slavic)
  • *gaviti (“to vex, to cause retching”) (possibly)
    • *gavědь (“wild stock, beast”) (possibly)

Descendants

  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: га́вам (gávam, “to bamboozle”) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: гава (gava, “to make fool of, to bamboozle”) (dialectal)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: havati (“to grumble”)

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gavati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 110
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гавам, гаввам, гавна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 220
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