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Etymologically identical to the nominal prefix Proto-Slavic*sǫ-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic*sъ-(“good”), from Proto-Indo-European*h₁su-.
Because of the law of open syllables, the final -n was normally dropped. But when combined with a stem that originally began with /j/, it was attached to the following word. Cf. Russian ею(jeju), but с(s)нею(neju) (*sъn jejǫ > /snˈeju/) etc.
^ Vasmer, Max (1972) “с”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, pages 539-540
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъ(n)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 478