Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьz

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*iz

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź, *iś, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs, *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”). Cognates with Lithuanian iš (dialectally iž), Latvian iz, Old Prussian is.

Preposition

*jьz

(+ genitive) from, out of
Synonyms: *otъ, *vy(d)

Antonyms: *vъ(n), *kъ(n)

Usage notes

Also used as a prefix *jьz- alongside *vy-.

Derived terms

*jьz zadъ (“out of the back”)
*jьz perdъ (“out of the front”)
*jьz podъ (“out of the bottom”)
*jьz nadъ (“out of the top”)
*jьz otъ (“out of”)

Related terms

*e (“emphatic particle”)
- *ejь (“this (emphatic)”)
- *ě (“let”) (old instrumental)
- *i (“and”) (locative)
- *ju (“besides”) (dative)
- *ovъ (“this (demonstative)”)
*vъz, *uz (“by, up, atop of”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: изъ (iz), исъ (is)
    - Belarusian: з (z), зо (zo)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: из (yz)
    - Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz)
  - Russian: из (iz), изо (izo)
- Old Novgorodian: иꙁ (iz), иꙁъ (izŭ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)
  - Bulgarian: из (iz)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: из
  
  Latin script: iz
- Slovene: iz (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: z, ze
  - Czech: z
- Old Polish: z, s, se, ze
  - Polish: z (“from”)
  - Silesian: z (“from”)
- Pannonian Rusyn: з (z), зо (zo), зоз (zoz)
- Slovak: z, zo
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: z, ze, zez
  - Slovincian: sê
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: z, ze
  - Lower Sorbian: z, ze

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “iz”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(prep. and prefix) (PR 146)”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jьz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217: “prep./pref. ‘from, out of ’”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “iz”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *jьz”

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “из”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьz”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 6
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “из”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 15

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001) “iz”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(prep. and prefix) (PR 146)”

[EDSIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jьz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 217: “prep./pref. ‘from, out of ’”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “iz”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *jьz”