Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьstъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *jьstъ (ESSJa, Derksen)
• *istъ (Olander)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀstas, cognate with Latvian ĩsts (“true”) (whence also ĩstens, ĩstans), as well as Latin Istaevōnēs (name of an ancient Germanic tribe). Further origin uncertain:

• Vasmer relates Latvian īksts, Lithuanian áiškus (“clear”) (also attested as ýškus, éiškus, ýskus, i̇̀ščias), Old Armenian իսկ (isk, “in reality”), which are in turn related to Proto-Slavic *ěsnъ (“clear”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to prompt, to gauge”) whence (amongst others) Ancient Greek αἰτῐ́ᾱ (aitĭ́ā, “cause, reason”).
• Stang proposes a connection to Sanskrit ईशे (ī́śe, “I am in possession”), ईशान m (īśāná, “lord, wealthy”), Proto-Germanic *aiganaz (“own”) (Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽 n (aigin, “property”), 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (aigan, “to own, to have”), Old High German eigan (“own”), English own). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to possess”).
• Toporov, Trubačev consider primary meaning "same", perhaps cognate with Latin iste (“that (of yours)”), from Proto-Indo-European *ís (referential particle) + *tó (“the, that”)
• Meillet, Snoj suggest derivation from pre-Slavic *ēisth₂os < *h₁ēi (augment, loc. case) + *-stъ.

*jìstъ

1. true, genuine, real, authentic
2. same, identical

• *věrьnъ, *pravъ, *ščirъ, *rěsnъ, *ěsnъ

• *nejistъ, *nejistovъ
• *jisto / *jьsto (“property, capital”)
  • *jistiti
  • *jistьcь / *jьstьcь (“plaintiff”)
• *jistina / *jьstina (“truth, actuality”)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: истъ (istŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: истый (istyj)
      • Ukrainian: істи́й (istýj)
    • Russian: и́стый (ístyj, “true, real”) (rare)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: истъ (istŭ, “true, real”)
  • Bulgarian: ист (ist), и́сти (ísti, “the same”) (obsolete)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: и́стински (ístinski, “true, real”)
  • Macedonian: ист (ist, “the same”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: и̏стӣ (“the same”)

    Latin script: ȉstī (“the same”)

  • Slovene: ȋsti (“the same”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jistý
    • Czech: jistý (“certain”)
  • Old Polish: isty, ist (short form)
    • Polish: isty
    • Silesian: isty
  • Old Slovak: istý
    • Pannonian Rusyn: исти (isti)
    • Slovak: istý
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jisty, wěsty

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “и́стый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “исти”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 90