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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unknown. Several explanations are proposed:
- From *kǫpa (“bend, fold”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend”). This etymology assumes the development: “knee bend” > “to bathe or dip in water squatting”
- Related with *čępěti (“to sit in a squat”) with development as above
- Somehow related with Proto-Germanic *habą (“sea”)
Verb
- (transitive) to bathe, bath
- (reflexive with *sę) to take a bath
Inflection
Conjugation of *kǫpati, *kǫpa, *kǫpľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kǫpanьje | *kǫpati | *kǫpatъ | *kǫpalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kǫpanъ | *kǫpľemъ |
| Active | *kǫpavъ | *kǫpľę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kǫpaxъ | *kǫpa | *kǫpa | *kǫpľǫ | *kǫpľeši | *kǫpľetь |
| Dual | *kǫpaxově | *kǫpasta | *kǫpaste | *kǫpľevě | *kǫpľeta | *kǫpľete |
| Plural | *kǫpaxomъ | *kǫpaste | *kǫpašę | *kǫpľemъ | *kǫpľete | *kǫpľǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kǫpaaxъ | *kǫpaaše | *kǫpaaše | — | *kǫpľi | *kǫpľi |
| Dual | *kǫpaaxově | *kǫpaašeta | *kǫpaašete | *kǫpľivě | *kǫpľita | — |
| Plural | *kǫpaaxomъ | *kǫpaašete | *kǫpaaxǫ | *kǫpľimъ | *kǫpľite | — |
Derived terms
Related terms
nouns
- *kǫpadlišče n (“bathing place”)
- *kǫpadlьna f (“bath, bathtub”)
- *kǫpava f (“type of plant”)
- *kǫpělišče n (“bathing place”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫpati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 59
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kǫpati: kǫpjǫ kǫpjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bade, svømme (PR 136f.)”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “купа́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къпя”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 197
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “kąpać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 226
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kąpać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 653
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “купати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kọ́pati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kǫpa̋ti”