Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From *rǫgъ (“ridicule, mockery”) +‎ *-ati. The root's origin is disputed. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wreng-, *wrengʰ- (“to twist, to wring”). If so, akin to Old Prussian rānctwei (“to steal”) and possibly Latvian reñgtis (“to bow, to twist oneself”), Proto-Germanic *wrankiz (“wrench”), *wrangaz (“crooked, wrong”).

Machek relates it further with Proto-Slavic *orǫga (“equipment”), *rǫžiti (“to arm”), which Vasmer doubts.

*rǫgàti impf (perfective *rǫgnǫti)^[1]

1. (transitive) to offend, to scorn (to cause distress to someone)
2. (figurative) to deride, to mock, to ridicule (to make fun of)

• *narǫgati
• *porǫgati
• *urǫgati
• *rǫga (resultant noun)
• *rǫgateľь, *rǫgačь (agent nouns)

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ругати (rugati)
    • Old Ruthenian: руга́ти (ruháti)
      • Belarusian: руга́ць (ruhácʹ) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: руга́ти (ruháty)
    • Russian: руга́ть (rugátʹ)
      • → Polish: rugać
      • → Bulgarian: руга́я (rugája) (standard)
• South Slavic
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: рѫгати (rǫgati)

  • Bulgarian: ръга́я (rǎgája) (obsolete), possibly ръ́гам (rǎ́gam, “to prod”)
  • Macedonian: руга (ruga)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ру́гати

    Latin script: rúgati

  • Slovene: rógati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic
  • Old Czech: rúhati
    • Czech: rouhat
  • Kashubian: rągac
  • ⇒ Old Polish: uręgać
    • Polish: urągać
  • Slovak: rúhať

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “руга́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ругая”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 333
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ръгая”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 362