Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tratiti

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Causative from *trata +‎ *-iti, likely akin to Lithuanian trótinti (“to tease, to agitate”), Samogitian trúotas (“grindstone”), Latvian trũots (“grindstone”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þrōþjan, “to exercise”) (Proto-Germanic *þrōþijaną).

Commonly compared with *terti (“to rub”) from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, to twist”). Phonetically more compatible with Proto-Indo-European *treh₃- (“to harm, to gnaw”) (whence Ancient Greek τῐτρώσκω (titrṓskō, “to hurt”)).

Verb

*tra̋titi impf

  1. (perhaps originally) to shatter, to wreck, to crumble
  2. (figurative) to waste, to lose
    Synonym: *xabiti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tratiti, *trati, *tratitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*traťenьje *tratiti *tratitъ *tratilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *traťenъ *tratimъ
Active *traťь *tratę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tratixъ *trati *trati *traťǫ *tratiši *tratitь
Dual *tratixově *tratista *tratiste *trativě *tratita *tratite
Plural *tratixomъ *tratiste *tratišę *tratimъ *tratite *tratętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *traťaaxъ *traťaaše *traťaaše — *trati *trati
Dual *traťaaxově *traťaašeta *traťaašete *trativě *tratita —
Plural *traťaaxomъ *traťaašete *traťaaxǫ *tratimъ *tratite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*trativъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

  • *tratati (“to prosecute”) (a/j-conj.)
  • *trata (“wreckage, waste”)

Descendants

  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Lithuanian: trõtyti (“to waste”)

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “трата”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • “truotas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “tratiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tra̋titi”
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