Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verdьnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

South Slavic isogloss, with dubious origin. The main two hypotheses for its etymology are:

• Native origin: According to St. Mladenov, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (varədaⁱti, “to enlarge”). Probably akin to Proto-Slavic *verdъ, though, certainly not in its attested meaning wart, wound. See there for further discussion.
• Borrowing: Built on the basis of Old High German werd (“worth”), from Proto-Germanic *werþaz. Probably borrowed around 9th century.

Georgiev and Skok remain inconclusive.

*verdьnъ

1. worthy

• *verdьnostь, *verdьnota (“worth”)

• *verděti (“to be worth”)
• *verdati (“to estimate”)

• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: вре́ден (vréden) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: вреден (vreden)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: врије́дан

    Latin script: vrijédan

  • Slovene: vrẹ́den

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вреден²”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 184
• Skok, Petar (1973) “vrijedan”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 3 (poni² – Ž), Zagreb: JAZU, page 625
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrẹ́den”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si

From *verdъ (“harm”) +‎ *-ьnъ.

*verdьnъ

1. harmful
2. malicious

• *verdina (“damage”)
• *verdьnostь (“harm, malice”)

• *verditi (“to cause harm, to injure”)
• *verditeľь (“pest”)
• *verdovъ (“ulcerous”)

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: врѣдьнъ (vrědĭnŭ)

    • → Russian: вре́дный (vrédnyj)
      • → Polish: wredny
  • Bulgarian: вре́ден (vréden)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: wrzedny (Middle Polish), wrzodny (rare)

• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вреден¹”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 184
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вред”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “vredník”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si