Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/eg-

Proto-Turkic

Alternative Reconstruction

*eŋ-

Reconstruction Notes

Whether the original form should be reconstructed as with *-ŋ or with *-g is a matter of debate. Consensus is that *eŋ- and *eg- are different realizations of the same root. Róna-Tas argues that *eŋ- is not a 'variant' of *eg- and is, infact, the older form. He also posits that both lemmas descend from *äŋV- (where *V stands for an uncertain vowel).^[1]

Verb

*eg-

(transitive) to bend, to bow
Synonyms: *aŋït-, *bük-

Derived Terms

*egtü (“curved knife”)
*egen (“back, spur”)
*eyegü (“ribcage, rib, aliethmoids”)
*eŋse (“nape, back of neck”)
(?) *ẹ̄ke- (“file, curved tool”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- West Old Turkic: *äŋ-
  - → Hungarian: enged
- Chuvash: ав (av)
  - Viryal: ай (aj)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: əymək
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: əymək
  - Ottoman Turkish: اگمك (eğmek)
    - Turkish: eğmek
    - Gagauz: eymek, enmek
- Turkmen: egmek
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: (egmek)
  - Uzbek: egmoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: эйеү (eyew)
- West Kipchak:
  - ⇒ Crimean Tatar: egilmek (“to bow down”)
  - Karachay-Balkar: иег (iyeg)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: ию (iü)
    - Nogai: июв (iyuv)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: ийүү (iyüü)
    - Southern Altai: ийер (iyer)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰏 (eg-, “to bow, to encircle”), (eŋ-, “to bend”), 𐰏𐰼 (egir-, “to spin, to encircle, to wind”)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽺𐽶𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋitmäk, “to bend, curven”), 𐽰𐽲𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ägmäk, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋmäk, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽼𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ägipmäk, “to bend”), 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (äŋirmäk, “to spin”)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: иэх (ieq)
  - Dolgan: иэҕ (ieɣ-)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: ээр (eer)
    - Tofa: ээр
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Shor: эг, ээл
- → Mongolian: ээрэх (eerex, “to spin thread”)

References

^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 319-320

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “eg-, eŋ-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 99-100, 106, 109, 118, 179
Eren, Hasan (1999) “eğdi, eğe¹, eğe², eğiç, eğin”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, pages 129-131
Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*ǟg-, ǟgür”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 37-38
Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “enged”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 317-320
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*eg-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 319-320

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