Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tu-

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tu-

  1. (Common Turkic, transitive) to close, occlude

Conjugation

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Conjugation of *tu- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive *tumak
participle present *tugan, tugma, tur
past *tuduk, tumïš
future *tudačï, tumakčï, tusïk, tuyačak
verbal noun *tuma, tug, tugu
way of doing *tuš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *tur ben *tur sen *tur *tur biz *tur siz *tur
past simple *tudum *tuduŋ *tudï *tuduk, tudumuz *tuduŋuz *tudï
inferential *tumïš ben *tumïš sen *tumïš *tumïš biz *tumïš siz *tumïš
future simple *tudačï ben, tumakčï ben, tuyačak ben *tudačï sen, tumakčï sen, tuyačak sen *tudačï, tumakčï, tuyačak *tudačï biz, tumakčï biz, tuyačak biz *tudačï siz, tumakčï siz, tuyačak siz *tudačï, tumakčï, tuyačak
predictive *tugay ben *tugay sen *tugay *tugay biz *tugay siz *tugay
necessitive *tusukum *tusukuŋ *tusuk *tusukumuz *tusukuŋuz *tusuk
conditional *tusam, tusar ben *tusaŋ, tusar sen *tusa, tusar *tusak, tusamïz, tusar biz *tusaŋïz, tusar siz *tusalar, tusar
optative *tugay ben *tugay sen *tugay *tugay biz *tugay siz *tugay
progressive *tumakda ben *tumakda sen *tumakda *tumakda biz *tumakda siz *tumakda
necessitative *tumalïg ben *tumalïg sen *tumalïg *tumalïg biz *tumalïg siz *tumalïg
imperative *tuyayïn *tu, tugïl *tuzun *tuyalïm *tuyuŋ *tuzun
Negative
infinitive *tumamak
participle present *tumagan, tumagma, tumaz
past *tumaduk, tumamïš
future *tumačï, tumasïk, tumayačak
verbal noun *tumama, tumag, tumagu
way of doing *tumaš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *tumaz ben *tumaz sen *tumaz *tumaz biz *tumaz siz *tumaz
past simple *tumadum *tumaduŋ *tumadï *tumaduk, tumadumuz *tumaduŋuz *tumadï
inferential *tumamïš ben *tumamïš sen *tumamïš *tumamïš biz *tumamïš siz *tumamïš
future simple *tumačï ben, tumayačak ben *tumačï sen, tumayačak sen *tumačï, tumayačak *tumačï biz, tumayačak biz *tumačï siz, tumayačak siz *tumačï, tumayačak
predictive *tumagay ben *tumagay sen *tumagay *tumagay biz *tumagay siz *tumagay
necessitive *tumasukum *tumasukuŋ *tumasuk *tumasukumuz *tumasukuŋuz *tumasuk
conditional *tumasam, tumasar ben *tumasaŋ, tumasar sen *tumasa, tumasar *tumasak, tumasamïz, tumasar biz *tumasaŋïz, tumasar siz *tumasalar, tumasar
optative *tumagay ben *tumagay sen *tumagay *tumagay biz *tumagay siz *tumagay
progressive *tumamakda ben *tumamakda sen *tumamakda *tumamakda biz *tumamakda siz *tumamakda
necessitative *tumamalïg ben *tumamalïg sen *tumamalïg *tumamalïg biz *tumamalïg siz *tumamalïg
imperative *tumayayïn *tuma, tumagïl *tumazun *tumayalïm *tumayïŋ *tumazun

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: (tuncukmak), (dunukmak)
    • Salar: dumğusı
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: (tumaq), (tunmaq), (tunturmaq)
      • Uyghur: (tunçuk-)
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆 (t¹u)
      • Old Uyghur: (tu-)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: (dun-)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: (tun-)

References

  1. ^ Tekin, Talât. (2000). Orhon Türkçesi Grameri, page: 92
  2. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tum-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Özertural, Z. (2002). Eski Türkçe tu- "kapamak" Eylemi Üzerine . Türkoloji Dergisi , 15 (1) , 0-0 . DOI: 10.1501/Trkol_0000000050
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