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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction Notes

There is no consensus on the identity of the final sibilant sound for the Proto-Turkic stage. Reconstruction with the postulated palatalized alveolar coda ( *ĺ ) is unfounded, with no Oghur descendants to support it.

Alternative Reconstructions

Etymology

Unknown. Probably a deverbal from the unattested verb *yaba- (“to calm down (?)”), further etymology cannot be satisfactorily established.

Räsänen, Vasmer and Nemeth suggest that the ethnonym for Chuvash people (čăwaš) is borrowed or inherited from *yabaš (“calm, peaceful”), via intermediaries. Proto-Mongolic *namukan is given as a cognate by Räsänen (cf. Mongolian намхан (namxan, “gentle, peaceful”))

Altaicists compare their reconstructed form *yabaĺ with Khalkha Mongolian зөөлөн (zöölön, “soft, weak”) (cf. Written Mongolian ᠵᠣ᠊᠊ᠢ᠊ᠭᠡ᠊ᠯ‍ᠠ‍᠊ᠨ (ʒögelen)) and Japanese 柔ら (yawara, “something soft, fragile, gentle”) (cf. Japanese 柔柔 (yawayawa, “soft, supple”), reduplication of *yawa). Despite semantic and phonological similarities, Altaic comparisons are severely criticized by mainstream historical linguistics.

Adjective

*yabaĺč

  1. peaceful, quiet, calm, mild (Common Turkic)
    Synonyms: *akuru(n), *amul (~ -ïl), *enč, *tölen
  2. slow (Oghuz Turkic)
    Synonym: *akuru(n)
  3. soft (Karakhanid, Siberian Turkic)
    Synonyms: *yïmĺčak, *gebešek

Descendants

  • →? Proto-Mongolic: *namukan (“peaceful, gentle”) (from the hypothetical *yaba-kan (“id.”))
    • Mongolian: намхан (namxan, “peaceful, gentle”)
    • →? Proto-Tungusic: *ńama (“warm”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *yabaš

References

  1. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чуваш”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress, pages 4, 376
  2. ^ Nemeth, Gyula. 1976. K voprosu ob avarah. Turcologica pages 298-304
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yavaş (yava:ş)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 880
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “jabaš, yawaš”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 175
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jabaĺ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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