Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bautan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bautaną.

Verb

*bautan

to beat

Inflection

Strong class 7b
Infinitive	*bautan
1st sg. past	*beōt
3rd pl. past	*beōtun
Past ptcple	*bautan
Infinitive	*bautan
Genitive infin.	*bautannjas
Dative infin.	*bautannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bautannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*bautu	*beōt
2nd singular	*bautiʀi	*beōtī
3rd singular	*bautidi	*beōt
1st plural	*bautum	*beōtum
2nd plural	*bautid	*beōtud
3rd plural	*bautand	*beōtun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bautē	*beōtī
2nd singular	*bautēs	*beōtī
3rd singular	*bautē	*beōtī
1st plural	*bautēm	*beōtīm
2nd plural	*bautēþ	*beōtīd
3rd plural	*bautēn	*beōtīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*baut
Plural	*bautid
	Present	Past
Participle	*bautandī	*bautan

Related terms

*bautijan

Descendants

Old English: bēatan
- Middle English: beten, beete, bet, bete, betyn, beytt, beaten (Early Middle English), byete (Kent)
  - English: beat
    - → Pennsylvania German: biede
  - Scots: beat, beit
Old Frisian: *bāta (in derivatives)
Old Saxon: *bōtan
- Middle Low German: bôten
  - German Low German: boten
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: bȫtelen
Old Dutch: *bōtan
- Middle Dutch: bôten
  - Dutch: boten, botten, butten
  - West Flemish: botn
Old High German: pōzan, bōzan, bōzzan
- Middle High German: bōzen, butzen
  - German: boßen (dialectal); bossen, possen
    - ⇒ German: bosseln
  - German: Butzen (noun) (dialectal)
    - ⇒? German: butzen, putzen (verb)
  - ⇒ Middle High German: bōzelen, bōzeln
    - German: boßeln
    - → Middle Low German: bōsselen
      - German Low German: boßeln
- ⇒ Old High German: anabōz (“anvil”)
  - Middle High German: anebōz
    - Cimbrian: hanapus
    - German: Amboss
→? Vulgar Latin: *bottō (perhaps directly borrowed into Old French, and other Romance languages borrowed from it)
- Old French: bouter, boter
  - Anglo-Norman: boter, buter
    - → Middle English: butten, bouten
      - English: butt
  - Middle French: bouter
    - French: bouter
  - Norman: bouter (Jèrriais), boutaïr (Guernésiais)
- Sicilian: ammuttari (a + (i)n + *buttari)
- Italian: bottare
- Old Occitan: botar
  - Catalan: botar
  - Occitan: botar
- West Iberian
  - Old Galician-Portuguese: botar
    - Galician: botar
    - Portuguese: botar
  - Spanish: botar
- ⇒? Late Latin: *botōnus, *bottonem (perhaps formed in Old French (bouter + -on), and other Romance languages borrowed from it)
  - Old French: boton
    - French: bouton
    - Norman: bouton
    - → Middle English: botoun
      - English: button (see there for further descendants)
      - Scots: button
      - Yola: buththone, boththone
  - Italo-Dalmatian
    - Dalmatian: botaun
    - Italian: bottone
    - Sicilian: buttuni
  - Old Occitan: boton
    - Catalan: botó
    - Occitan: boton
  - Romansch: buttun, battung
  - Venetan: boton
  - West Iberian
    - Aragonese: botón
    - Asturian: botón
    - Old Galician-Portuguese:
      - Galician: botón
      - Portuguese: botão (see there for further descendants)
    - Spanish: botón (see there for further descendants)