Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bautan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bautaną.

Verb

*bautan

1. to beat

Inflection

Related terms

• *bautijan

Descendants

• Old English: bēatan
  • Middle English: beten, beete, bet, bete, betyn, beytt; beaten; byete
    • English: beat
      • → Pennsylvania German: biede
    • Scots: beat, beit
• Old Frisian: *bāta (in derivatives)
• Old Saxon: *bōtan
  • Middle Low German: bôten
    • German Low German: boten
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: bȫtelen
• Old Dutch: *bōtan
  • Middle Dutch: bôten
    • Dutch: boten, botten, butten
    • West Flemish: botn
• Old High German: pōzan, bōzan, bōzzan
  • Middle High German: bōzen, butzen
    • German: boßen (dialectal); bossen, possen
      • ⇒ German: bosseln
    • German: Butzen (noun) (dialectal)
      • ⇒? German: butzen, putzen (verb)
    • ⇒ Middle High German: bōzelen, bōzeln
      • German: boßeln
      • → Middle Low German: bōsselen
        • German Low German: boßeln
  • ⇒ Old High German: anabōz (“anvil”)
    • Middle High German: anebōz
      • Cimbrian: hanapus
      • German: Amboss
• →? Vulgar Latin: *bottō (perhaps directly borrowed into Old French, and other Romance languages borrowed from it)
  • Old French: bouter
    • Anglo-Norman: boter, buter
      • → Middle English: butten, bouten
        • English: butt
    • Middle French: bouter
      • French: bouter
    • Norman: bouter (Jèrriais), boutaïr (Guernésiais)
  • Sicilian: ammuttari (a + (i)n + *buttari)
  • Italian: bottare
  • Old Occitan: botar
    • Catalan: botar
    • Occitan: botar
  • West Iberian
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: botar
      • Galician: botar
      • Portuguese: botar
    • Spanish: botar
  • ⇒? Late Latin: *botōnus, *bottonem (perhaps formed in Old French (bouter + -on), and other Romance languages borrowed from it)
    • Old French: boton
      • French: bouton
      • Norman: bouton
      • → Middle English: botoun
        • English: button (see there for further descendants)
        • Scots: button
        • Yola: buththone, boththone
    • Italo-Dalmatian
      • Dalmatian: botaun
      • Italian: bottone
      • Sicilian: buttuni
    • Old Occitan: boton
      • Catalan: botó
      • Occitan: boton
    • Romansch: buttun, battung
    • Venetian: boton
    • West Iberian
      • Aragonese: botón
      • Asturian: botón
      • Old Galician-Portuguese:
        • Galician: botón
        • Portuguese: botão (see there for further descendants)
      • Spanish: botón (see there for further descendants)