Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grōtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grōtijaną.

Verb

*grōtijan^[1]

to address, greet
to blame, accuse
to yell at, make cry, scold

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*grōtijan
1st sg. past	*grōtidā
Infinitive	*grōtijan
Genitive infin.	*grōtijannjas
Dative infin.	*grōtijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*grōtijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*grōtiju	*grōtidā
2nd singular	*grōtisi	grōtidēs, grōtidōs
3rd singular	*grōtiþi	grōtidē, grōtidā
1st plural	*grōtijum	*grōtidum
2nd plural	*grōtiþ	*grōtidud
3rd plural	*grōtijanþ	*grōtidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*grōtijē	*grōtidī
2nd singular	*grōtijēs	*grōtidī
3rd singular	*grōtijē	*grōtidī
1st plural	*grōtijēm	*grōtidīm
2nd plural	*grōtijēþ	*grōtidīd
3rd plural	*grōtijēn	*grōtidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*grōti
Plural	*grōtiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*grōtijandī	*grōtid

Descendants

Old English: grētan
- Middle English: greten
  - English: greet
  - Scots: grete, greit
Old Frisian: grēta
- Saterland Frisian: gröitje
- West Frisian: groetsje
Old Saxon: grōtian
- Middle Low German: grö̂ten
  - German Low German: gröten
Old Dutch: *gruoten
- Middle Dutch: groeten, gruten
  - Dutch: groeten
    - Afrikaans: groet
    - Negerhollands: groet, gruet, groetnes
    - → Caribbean Javanese: khrut
Old High German: gruozen, gruozzen
- Middle High German: grüezen
  - Alemannic German: grüesse
  - Bavarian: griaßn
  - Cimbrian: grüazan, grüusan (Sette Comuni)
  - German: grüßen
  - Luxembourgish: gréissen
→? Vulgar Latin: *grōtiāre
- Old French: grocier, grucier, groucier, grouchier
  - → Middle English: grouchen, grucchen
    - English: grouch, grutch, grudge, grouse
    - Scots: gruch, grutch, grunch

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 128: “*grōtijan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 128: “*grōtijan”

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