Turm

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See also: turm and türm

German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German turm, an East Central German variant of turn, from Old High German turn, from Old French *torn (cf. the diminutive tornele), variant of tor, from Latin turris. From the same Old French source are Dutch toren, Low German Toorn. The final -m is probably due to sporadic dissimilation; a connection with the Latin accusative turrim (as sometimes conjectured) is unlikely.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʊʁm/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

Turm m (strong, genitive Turmes or Turms, plural Türme, diminutive Türmchen n or Türmlein n)

  1. (architecture) tower, spire (very tall building or structure, especially with a tapering top)
    • 1998, Archaeologia Bulgarica, page 100:
      Die Lage des Turmes ist an der westlichen inneren Festungsmauer unmittelbar südlich von einem Mauerbogen.
      The tower's positioned on western inner castle wall immediately south to the arch.
  2. (architecture) steeple (tall tower on a church, normally topped with a spire)
    Synonym: Kirchturm
  3. (chess) rook (piece shaped like a castle tower)
    Synonyms: Elefant, Roch, Roche, Rochen
    • 2009, Siegbert Tarrasch, Das Schachspiel. Systematisches Lehrbuch für Anfänger und Geübte, Jens-Erik Rudolph Verlag, page 137:
      Die Türme sollen immer möglichst rasch miteinander in Verbindung, „verdoppelt” sein. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil des Verlustes der Rochade ist es, daß die Verbindung der Türme gestört ist.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  4. (sports) diving platform (structure used for competitive diving)
    Synonym: Sprungturm

Declension

Declension of Turm
singular plural
indef. def. noun def. noun
nominative ein der Turm die Türme
genitive eines des Turmes, Turms der Türme
dative einem dem Turm, Turme1 den Türmen
accusative einen den Turm die Türme

1Now rare, see notes.

Coordinate terms

Chess pieces in German · Schachfiguren, Schachsteine (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
König Dame, Königin Turm Läufer Springer, Pferd, Ross, Rössel Bauer

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Hungarian: torony
  • → Lower Sorbian: torm
  • → Luxembourgish: Tuerm
  • → Romanian: turn

Further reading

  • “Turm” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “Turm” in Duden online
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