Eras

Portlandian- (w:Portland Group (geology)) (GW) (See below.) (Tithonic ⇒ Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Bolonia (Spain))
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Sequani.) (which also has other meanings) "upper Oxfordian", Upper Oxfordian/upper Oxfordian
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Rauracian Republic.) ~w:Jura Mountains
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.) (Template:WPLook- (GW) (See w:Urgonian Limestone Formation (See below.))
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)(Template:WPLook+ (GW-) (See w:Purbeckian Group.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Argovian Formation, w:Aargau.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) ⇒ Template:WPLook (GW) ⇒ Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook (GW-) (See w:Bunter (geology) (See below.)
Template:WPLook (Template:WPLook) (GW)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See w:Dogger (stratigraphy)) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Germanic Trias.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)/ Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Capitanian, w:Saxothuringian Zone.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See below.)-Template:WPLook (GW) (See w:Stephanian (stage).) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.) (Template:WPLook- (GW-)))
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook (GW-)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See w:Becraft Formation, w:Rhenohercynian Zone.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Ouargla Province.)
Template:WPLook (GW) (See w:Cambrian#Subdivisions.) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (Precambrian) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW)
Template:WPLook (GW-) (See below.) (See w:Flandrian interglacial.)
Template:WPLook (GW) (See w:Tyrrhenian (stage).) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook+ (GW-) (See below.)(Template:WPLook (GW) (See w:Calabrian (stage))
Template:WPLook (GW)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Piacenzian) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See below.))
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Vindobona.)
Template:WPLook (GW) (See w:Aquitanian (stage)
Template:WPLook- (GW) (See below.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See w:Sannois.)
Template:WPLook- (GW-) (See below.)
Template:WPLook (GW-)
Template:WPLook ⇒ Template:WPLook (GW)

GW: in Geowhen Database
GW-: NOT in Geowhen Database

From WP

Table of geological time periods

Sortable table
Name (English)^[1]	base/start (Ma)^[2]	top/end (Ma)^[2]	status	subdivision of	usage	named after	author, year
Aalenian	175.6 ± 2.0	171.6 ± 3.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Aalen (Germany)
Abereiddian	471.8 ± 1.6	464	age	Ordovician	regional	Abereiddy (Wales)
Actonian	454	453	age	Ordovician	regional	Acton Scott (England)
w:Adelaidean (stage)/ Adelaidean	1,300	542	age	Proterozoic	Australia	Adelaide
w:Aegean (stage)/ Aegean	245 ± 1.5	244	age	Triassic	Europe	Aegean Sea
Aeronian	439.0 ± 1.8	436.0 ± 1.9	age	Silurian	ICS	Cwm-coed-aeron (Wales)	Cocks et al., 1971
Aftonian	0.6	0.48	age	Pleistocene	North America
Agenian	23	20.4	ELMMZ	Miocene	Europe	Agen (France)
Aimchanian		1100	age	Proterozoic	Siberia
Aksayan	493	491.5	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Alaunian	216	211	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
w:Albertan (series)/ Albertan			epoch	Cambrian	North America
Albian	112.0 ± 1.0	99.6 ± 0.9	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Albia, Latin name of the river Aube (France)	d'Orbigny, 1842
Aldingian/ Alding	36	30	age	Eocene	Australia
w:Algonkian (geology)/ Algonkian		543	age	Proterozoic	international	Algonquian native peoples of Canada
w:Allerød Oscillation/ Allerød	13,350 BP	12,700 BP	chronozone	Weichselian	Northern Europe	w:Allerød Municipality/ Allerød (Denmark)
Alportian	324.5	318.1 ± 1.3	age	Carboniferous	regional	Alport (England)
Altonian	19.0	15.9	age	Miocene	New Zealand	w:Alton, New Zealand Alton
w:Amazonian (epoch)/ Amazonian	~1,800	present	Martian epoch	Martian epoch	Mars	w:Amazonis Planitia
Amgan	513.0 ± 2.0	502	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Amstelian	2.588	2.40	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	river Amstel	Harmer, 1896
w:Anglian (stage)/ Anglian	0.465	0.418	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	East Anglia
Animikean	2,225	1,400	age	Proterozoic	North America (obsolete)
Anisian	245.0 ± 1.5	237.0 ± 2.0	age	Triassic	ICS	Anisus, Latin name for the river w:Enns (rivier) Enns (Austria)
Antian	~2.12	~2.0	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	w:River Ant (England)
Antwerpian	± 21	± 12	age	Miocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Antwerp	Gogels, 1879
Aphebian	2500	1600	age	Proterozoic	North America
Aptian	125.0 ± 1.0	112.0 ± 1.0	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Apt, Vaucluse/ Apt (France)	d'Orbigny, 1840
Aquatraversian	2.588	2.4	age	Pleistocene	Italy
Aquilan	85.2	82.2	NALMA	Cretaceous	North America
w:Aquitanian age/ Aquitanian	23.03	20.43	age	Miocene	ICS	Aquitaine
Archean	none	2,500	eon		ICS
Arenig/Arenigian			epoch	Ordovician	Europe	Arenig Fawr (Wales)	Sedgwick, 1847; Fearnsides 1905
Arikareean	30.8	20.6	super-age	Oligo-Miocene	North America
w:Arnold (epoch)/ Arnold	43.0	34.3	epoch	Paleogene	New Zealand	Arnold River, New Zealand/ Arnold River
Arnsbergian	326	325	sub-age	Carboniferous	regional
Arowhanan	95.2	92.1	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand	Arowhana
Arshantan	52.1	46.2	ALMA	Eocene	Asia
Artinskian	284.4 ± 0.7	275.6 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS	Arti (Russia)	w:Alexander Karpinsky/ Karpinsky, 1874
Arundian	341	339	age	Carboniferous	regional
Asbian	337.5	333	age	Carboniferous	regional
Ashbyan			age	Ordovician	North America
w:Ashgill (series)/ Ashgillian			epoch	Ordovician	Europe	Ashgill (Scotland)
Asselian	299.0 ± 0.8	294.6 ± 0.8	age	Permian	ICS	river w:Assel (river)/ Assel (Kazakhstan)	Ruzhenchev, 1954
Astaracian	15	11.1	ELMMZ	Miocene	Europe	The Astarac (France)
w:Asturian (stage)/ Asturian		305	age	Carboniferous	Europe	Asturias
Atdabanian	530	524	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
w:Atlantic (period)/ Atlantic	5,660 BP	9,220 BP	chronozone	Holocene	Northern Europe	the Atlantic Ocean	Blytt, 1876
Atokan			age	Carboniferous	North America
Aurelucian	460.9	457	age	Ordovician	Europe
Austinian			age	Cretaceous	south and east of the US	w:Austin, Texas	Murray, 1961
Autunian	~300	~275	age	Carboniferous-Permian	Europe	Autun (France)
Avernian	29.2	23.03	ELMMZ	Oligocene	Europe
Awamoan	20.0	17.5	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Ayusokkanian	501.0 ± 2.0	494.5	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Azoic see Archean
Badenian^[3]	16.3	12.8	age	Miocene	Paratethys	w:Baden bei Wien/ Baden (Austria)	Papp & Cicha, 1968
Baikalian	850	650	age	Proterozoic	Siberia	Lake Baikal
Bairnsdalian	15.0	10.5	age	Miocene	Australia
Baishaean	433	429	age	Silurian	China
Bajocian	171.6 ± 3.0	167.7 ± 3.5	age	Jurassic	ICS	Bayeux (France)	w:Alcide d'Orbigny/ d'Orbigny
Balcombian	15.5	15.0	age	Miocene	Australia
Baotan	460.9	454.5	age	Ordovician	China
Barremian	130.0 ± 1.5	125.0 ± 1.0	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Barrême (France)	Coquand, 1873
Barruelian			age	Carboniferous	Europe
Barstovian	16.3	13.6	age	Miocene	North America
Bartonian	37.2 ± 0.1	40.4 ± 0.2	age	Eocene	ICS	Barton-on-Sea (South England)	Karl Mayer-Eymar/ Mayer-Eymar, 1857
Bashkirian	318.1 ± 1.3	311.7 ± 1.1	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Bashkortostan
Basin Groups 1-9	4,150	3,850	subperiod	Prenectarium	Moon (unofficial)	groups of impact basins
Batesfordian	16.5	15.5	age	Miocene	Australia
Bathonian	167.7 ± 3.5	164.7 ± 4.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	w:Bath, Somerset/ Bath (England)
Batyrbayan	491.5	488.3	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
w:Bavel Interglacial	1.03	0.96	age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	w:Bavel (Netherlands)/ Bavel
Bavelian	1.03	0.85	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	w:Bavel (Netherlands)/ Bavel
Baventian	~2.0	~1.87	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Easton Bavents (England)	w:Richard Gilbert West/ West, 1961
Bedoulian	129.97	125.0	sub-age	Cretaceous	regional
Beestonian	1.77	~0.8	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Beeston, Norfolk (England)
Belvédère Interglacial	0.338	0.324	age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	quarry "Belvédère" (Maastricht)
Bendigonian	473.5	471.8	age	Ordovician	Australia	w:Bendigo, Victoria
Berriasian	145.5 ± 4.0	140.2 ± 3.0	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Berrias (France)
Biber Glacial	~2.5	2.35	age	Pleistocene	Alps	river w:Biber (Danube) Biber (Germany)
Biber-Donau			age	Pleistocene	Alps
Blancan	4.9	1.8	age	Plio-Pleistocene	North America
w:Black River (stage) Black Riveran]]			age	Ordovician)	North America
Bolderian	<21	>16	age	Miocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Bolderberg	w:André Hubert Dumont/ Dumont, 1850
Bolindian	450	443.7	age	Ordovician	Australia
w:Bølling Oscillation/ Bølling	13,730 BP	13,480 BP	chronozone	Weichselian	Northern Europe	Bølling Sø (Denmark)
Bolsovian			age	Carboniferous	Europe	Bolsover (England)
Boomerangian	504	501	age	Cambrian	Australia
w:Boreal (period)/ Boreal	10,640 BP	9,220 BP	chronozone	Holocene	Northern Europe	boreal zone in ecology	Blytt, 1876
Bortonian	43.0	37.0	age	Eocene	New Zealand	Bortons
Botomian	524	518.5	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
w:Bramertonian Stage/ Bramertonian	~2.12	~2.0	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Bramerton Pits (England)	Funnell, Norton, Richard Gilbert West and Mayhew, 1979
Bridgerian	50.3	46.2	age	Eocene	North America
Brigantian	336	326.4 ± 1.6	age	Carboniferous	North America, Europe	Brigantes (Celtic tribe)
Brioverian	~680	~600	age	Neoproterozoic	Armorican Massif, France
Brüggenian	2.588	2.4	chronozone	Pleistocene	Northwest Europe
Brunssumian	5.3	3.6	chronozone	Pliocene	Northwest Europe	Brunssum (The Netherlands)
Bulitian	55.8	53	age	Eocene	California
Bumbanian	55.7	52.1	ALMA	Eocene	Asia
Buntsandstein^[4]	251.0 ± 0.4	246.6^[5]	epoch/subperiod	Triassic	Europe	German: bunte Sandstein = coloured sandstone	w:Friedrich August von Alberti / von Alberti, 1834
Burdigalian	20.43	15.97	age	Miocene	ICS	Latin: Burdigala = Bordeaux (France)	w:Charles Depéret/ Depéret, 1892
Burrellian	457	455	age	Ordovician	Europe	w:Wistanstow (w:Glenburrell) (England)
Burzyan	1,400	1,375	age	Proterozoic	Russia
Caerfai	542 ± 0.2	513 ± 2	age	Cambrian	Europe (obsolete)	Caerfai Bay (Wales)
w:Calabrian Stage/ Calabrian	1.806	0.781	age	Pleistocene	Southern Europe	Calabria
Callovian	164.7 ± 4.0	161.2 ± 4.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Kellaways – West Tytherton, River Avon SSSI, Wiltshire Kellaways (England)	w:Alcide d'Orbigny/ d'Orbigny
Calymmian	1,600	1,400	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Cambrian	542.0 ± 1.0	488.3 ± 1.7	period	Paleozoic	ICS	Cambria (Latin for Wales)	w:Adam Sedgwick/ Sedgwick, 1835
Campanian	83.5 ± 0.7	70.6 ± 0.6	age	Cretaceous	ICS	w:Champagne, France/ Champagne (France)	w:Henry Coquand/ Coquand, 1857
w:Canadian (series)/ Canadian			epoch	Ordovician	North America
w:Cantabrian (stage)/ Cantabrian	305		age	Carboniferous	Europe
Capitanian	265.8 ± 0.7	260.4 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS	Capitan Reef (Texas, US)
Caradocian	460.9	449.5	epoch	Ordovician	Europe	Caradoc (Welsh king)	Murchison, 1839
Carboniferous	359.2 ± 2.5	299.0 ± 0.8	period	Paleozoic	ICS	carbon	Conybeare & Phillips, 1822
Carixian	189.6 ± 1.5		sub-age	Jurassic	regional
Carnian	228.0 ± 2.0	216.5 ± 2.0	age	Triassic	ICS	Carnic Alps (Austria)	w:Johann August Georg Edmund Mojsisovics von Mojsvar/ Mojsisovics, 1869
Carpentarian	1,800	1,300	age	Proterozoic	Australia	Gulf of Carpentaria
Casamajoran	54	48	age	Eocene	South America
w:Cassian (stage)/ Cassian	1.1	0.8	age	Pleistocene	Italy
Cassinian	473	471.8	sub-age	Ordovician	North America
Castlecliffian	1.63	0.34	age	Pleistocene	New Zealand	Castlecliff
Castlemanian	471	470	age	Ordovician	Australia	w:Castlemaine, Victoria/ Castlemaine
Cautleyan	447.5	446.5	age	Ordovician	Europe	Cautley Spout (England)
Cayugan	421.3 ± 2.6	416.0 ± 2.8	age	Silurian	North America
Cenomanian	99.6 ± 0.9	93.5 ± 0.8	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Latin: Cenomanium = Le Mans (France)	Alcide d'Orbigny/ d'Orbigny, 1847
Cenozoic	65.5 ± 0.3	present	era	Phanerozoic	ICS	new life	w:John Phillips (geologist)/ Phillips, 1847
Cernaysian	55.9	55.0	w:European Land Mammal Mega Zone/ ELMMZ	Paleocene	Europe
Cisuralian	299.0 ± 0.8	270.6 ± 0.7	epoch	Permian	ICS
w:Chadian (stage)/ Chadian	345.3 ± 2.1	341	age	Carboniferous	regional
Chadronian	38.0	33.9	age	Eocene	North America
Chamovnicheskian	306	305	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Champlanian			epoch	Ordovician	North America
Changhsingian	253.8 ±0.7	251.0 ± 0.4	age	Permian	ICS	w:Changxing County/ Changxing (China)
Changlangpuan	523	518	age	Cambrian	China
Changshanian	496.8	492.5	age	Cambrian	China
Chapadmalalan	4.0	3.0	age	Pliocene	South America
Chasicoan	10.0	9.0	age	Miocene	South America
Chatauquan	370	359.2 ± 2.5	age	Devonian	South America
Chattian	28.4 ± 0.1	23.03	age	Oligocene	ICS	Chatti (ancient Germanic tribe)	Theodor Fuchs/ Fuchs, 1894
Chautauquan			age	Devonian	North America
Chazyan			age	Ordovician	North America
Cheltenhamian	5.0	4.3	age	Pliocene	Australia
Cheneyan	455	452	age	Ordovician	Europe
Cheremshankian	314.5	313.4	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Chesterian	333	318.1	age	Carboniferous	North America
Chewtonian	473	471	age	Ordovician	Australia
Chokierian	325	324.5	sub-age	Carboniferous	regional
w:Cincinnatian (series)/ Cincinnatian	451	443.7 ± 1.5	epoch	Ordovician	North America	Cincinnati
Clansayesian	115.0	112.0	sub-age	Cretaceous
Clarendonian	13.6	10.3	age	Miocene	North America
Clarkforkian	56.8	55.4	age	Paleo-Eocene	North America
Clifdenian	15.9	15.1	age	Miocene	New Zealand	Clifden
Colhuehuapian	21.0	17.5	age	Miocene	South America
Colloncurian	15.5	12.0	age	Miocene	South America
Coniacian	89.3 ± 1.0	85.8 ± 0.7	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Cognac (France)	Coquand, 1857
Copernican	1,100	present	period		Moon	Copernicus
Costonian	460.9	459	age	Ordovician	regional
Couvinian	397.5 ± 2.7	391.8 ± 2.7	age	Devonian	Belgium (obsolete)	Couvin	d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1862
Cressagian	488.3 ± 1.7	486	age	Ordovician	Europe
Cretaceous	145.5 ± 4.0	65.5 ± 0.3	period	Mesozoic	ICS	Crete; Latin creta=chalk	d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1822
Croixan			epoch	Cambrian	North America
Cromerian	0.85	0.465	super-age/age	Pleistocene	Netherlands, Great Britain	Cromer (England)
Cryogenian	850	635.5 ± 1.2^[6]	period	Proterozoic	ICS	frozen beginning
Cryptic	4,567	4,150	epoch	Prenectarian	Moon (unofficial)	hidden
Dacian	5.332 ± 0.005	3.600 ± 0.005	age	Pliocene	Paratethys	Dacia (Roman province)
Dalanian (Dalaun)	313	310	age	Carboniferous	China
Danian	65.5 ± 0.3	61.7 ± 0.2	age	Paleocene	ICS	Denmark	Desor, 1847
Dannevirke	65.0	43.0	epoch	Paleogene	New Zealand	Dannevirke
Dapingian	471.8 ± 1.6	468.1 ± 1.6	age	Ordovician	ICS	Daping (China)
Darriwilian	468.1 ± 1.6	460.9 ± 1.6	age	Ordovician	ICS	Darriwil (Australia)	Hall, 1899
Datangian	345	333	age	Carboniferous	China
Datsonian	488.3 ± 1.7	485	age	Ordovician	Australia
Dawanian	472	471.8	age	Ordovician	North America
Deerparkian			age	Devonian	North America
Delamaran	512	504	age	Cambrian	North America
Delmontian	7.5	2.9	age	Plio-Miocene	California
Demingian	478.6	475	sub-age	Ordovician	North America
Derryan	311.7 ± 1.1	308	age	Carboniferous	North America
Deseadan	29.0	21.0	age	Oligo-Miocene	South America
Desmoinesian			age	Carboniferous	North America
Deurnian			age	Miocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Deurne	de Heinzelin (1955)
Devensian	0.116	0.0115	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Devenses, Celtic tribe by the Deva (England and Wales)
Devonian	416.0 ± 2.8	359.2 ± 2.5	period	Paleozoic	ICS	Devon (England)	Murchison & Sedgwick, 1839
Dewuan	333	318.1 ± 1.3	age	Carboniferous	China
Dinantian	359.2 ± 2.5	326.4 ± 1.6	epoch/sub-period	Carboniferous	Northern Europe	Dinant
Dittonian	418		age	Devonian	Wales and England (obsolete)	Ditton Priors, Shropshire, England
Divisaderan	42	36	age	Eocene	South America
Dogger^[4]	175.6 ± 2.0	161.2 ± 4.0	epoch	Jurassic	Northern Europe	dogger=ironrich sediment type
Dolgellian	492.5	488.3 ± 1.7	age	Cambrian	regional	Dolgellau, Wales
Domerian		183.0 ± 1.5	sub-age	Jurassic	regional
Donau Glacial	1.7	1.35	age	Pleistocene	Alps	river Danube
Donau-Günz		>2.35	age	Pleistocene	Alps
Dorogomilovksian	305	303.9 ± 0.9	age	Carboniferous	regional
Drenthian	0.238	0.17	chronozone	Pleistocene	Northwest Europe	Drenthe
Dresbachian	501	496.8	age	Cambrian	North America
Drumian	506.5	503	age	Cambrian	ICS	Drum Mountains (Utah, US)
Duchesnean	42.0	38.0	age	Eocene	North America
Duckmantian			age	Carboniferous	Europe	Duckmanton Railway Cutting, England
Duntroonian	27.3	25.2	age	Oligocene	New Zealand	Duntroon
Dyeran	524.5	512	age	Cambrian	North America
Eaglefordian			age	Cretaceous	Gulf and Atlantic coast of the US	Eagle Ford, Dallas, Texas	Murray, 1961
Early Imbrian	3850	3800	period		Moon	Mare Imbrium
Eastonian	456	450	age	Ordovician	Australia
Eburonian	1.80	1.45	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	Eburones, Germanic tribe
Ectasian	1,400	1,200	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Edenian			age	Ordovician	North America
Ediacaran	635.5 ± 1.2^[6]	542.0 ± 1.0	period	Proterozoic	ICS	Ediacara Hills (Australia)
Edmontonian	80.8	70.7	NALMA	Cretaceous	North America
Eemian	0.130	0.116	age	Pleistocene	Northern Europe	river Eem (Netherlands)	Harting, 1875
Eifelian	397.5 ± 2.7	391.8 ± 2.7	age	Devonian	ICS	the Eifel (Germany)	Beyrich, 1837
Egerian	25.8	20.3	age	Oligo-Miocene	Paratethys	Eger (Hungary)	Báldi & Seneš, 1968
Eggenburgian	20.8	18.3	age	Miocene	Paratethys	Eggenburg (Austria)	Steininger & Seneš, 1968
Eildonian	433	428.2 ± 2.3	age	Silurian	Australia
Elsterian	0.465	0.418	age	Pleistocene	Northern Europe	river Weißen Elster (Germany)
Elvirian	326	324.5	age	Carboniferous	regional
Emilian	1.5	0.781	sub-age	Pleistocene	Italy
Emscherian	89.5	83.5	age	Cretaceous	Germany
Emsian	407.0 ± 2.8	397.5 ± 2.7	age	Devonian	ICS	Bad Ems (Germany)	de Dorlodot, 1900
Ensenadan	1.2	0.8	age	Pleistocene	South America
Eoarchean	none	3.600	era		ICS
Eocene	55.8 ± 0.2	33.9 ± 0.1	epoch	Paleogene	ICS	earliest recent	Lyell, 1847
Eratosthenian	3,200	1,100	period		Moon	Eratosthenes
Ergilian	35.1	33.8	ALMA	Oligo-Eocene	Asia
Erian	391.8 ± 2.7	388	age	Devonian	North America
Famennian	374.5 ± 2.6	359.2 ± 2.5	age	Devonian	ICS	the Famenne (Belgium)	Dumont, 1855
Fassanian	237 ± 2.0	233	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
Fengshanian	492.5	488.3 ± 1.7	age	Cambrian	China
Fennian	473	471.8	age	Ordovician	Europe
Festiniogian	496.8	492.5	age	Cambrian	regional
Flaminian	0.5	0.3	age	Pleistocene	Italy
Flandrian	0.01	present	age	Holocene	Western Europe (obsolete)	Flanders	Rutot & Van den Broeck, 1885
Floian	478.6 ± 1.7	471.8 ± 1.6	age	Ordovician	ICS	Flo (Sweden)
Florian	508	504	age	Cambrian	Australia
Fortunian	542.0 ± 1.0	528	age	Cambrian	ICS	Fortune Head (Canada)
Franconian	496.8	492.5	age	Cambrian	North America
Frasnian	385.3 ± 2.6	374.5 ± 2.6	age	Devonian	ICS	Frasne (Belgium)	d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1862
Friasian	16.3	15.5	age	Miocene	South America
Fujian	11.1	9.5	age	Miocene	Japan
Fupingan	3,100	2,600	age	Archaean	China
Furongian	501.0 ± 2.0	488.3 ± 1.7	epoch	Cambrian	ICS	Furong (China)
Gallic	130.0 ± 1.5	89.3 ± 1.0	epoch	Cretaceous	obsolete
Gargasian	121.0	115.0	sub-age	Cretaceous	regional
Gashatan	56.9	55.7	ALMA	Paleo-Eocene	Asia
Gaultian			sub-age	Cretaceous	regional
Gedinian	416.0 ± 2.8	411.2 ± 2.8	age	Devonian	Belgium (obsolete)	Gedinne	Dumont, 1848
Geiseltalian	48.5	42.7	ELMMZ	Eocene	Europe
Gelasian	2.588	1.806	age	Pleistocene	ICS	Gela (Italy)	Rio et al., 1998
Geringian	30.8	26.3	age	Oligocene	North America
Gisbornian	460.9	456	age	Ordovician	Australia
Givetian	391.8 ± 2.7	385.3 ± 2.6	age	Devonian	ICS	Givet (France)	d'Omalius d'Halloy, 1839
Gleedonian	425.4	422.9 ± 2.5	age	Silurian	regional
Gorstian	422.9 ± 2.5	421.3 ± 2.6	age	Silurian	ICS	Gorsty (farm at Ludlow, England)	Holland et al., 1980
Gramian	10.3	8.5	age	Miocene	Northern Germany
Grauvian	50.8	48.5	ELMMZ	Eocene	Europe
Guadalupian	270.6 ± 0.7	260.4 ± 0.7	epoch	Permian	ICS	Guadalupe Mountains (Texas, US)
Guandian	425.5	422	age	Silurian	China
Gulf(-ian)			epoch	Cretaceous	south and east of the US	the Mexican Gulf
Günz Glacial	2.35		age	Pleistocene	Alps	river Günz (Germany)
Günz-Mindel			age	Pleistocene	Alps
Gushanian	596.8	501	age	Cambrian	China
Guzhangian	503	499	age	Cambrian	ICS	Guzhang (China)
Gzhelian	303.9 ± 0.9	299.0 ± 0.8	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Gzhel (Russia)
Hadean	none	4000	eon		ICS	Hades, hell	Cloud, 1972
Hadrynian	850	542	age	Neoproterozoic	North America
Hallian	~10.000	0	age	Holocene	California
Haranoyan	18.2	15.97	age	Miocene	Japan
Harnagian	459	458	age	Ordovician	regional
Harrisonian	24.8	20.6	age	Oligo-Miocene	North America
Hastarian	359.2 ± 2.5	348	age	Carboniferous	regional
Haumurian	84	65.5	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Hautawan	3.1	2.2	sub-age	Plio-Pleistocene	New Zealand
Hauterivian	136.4 ± 2.0	130.0 ± 1.5	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Hauterive (Switzerland)	Renevier, 1873
Haweran	0.01	present	age	Holocene	New Zealand
Headonian	37.2	33.8	ELMMZ	Oligo-Eocene	Europe
Helikian	1,600	850	age	Proterozoic	North America
Hemingfordian	20.6	16.3	age	Miocene	North America
Hemmoorian			age	Miocene	Northern Germany
Hemphillian	10.3	4.9	age	Mio-Pliocene	North America
Heretaungan	49.5	46.2	age	Eocene	New Zealand
Hesperian	~3,500	~1,800	Martian epoch		Mars	Hesperia Planum
Hettangian	199.6 ± 0.6	196.5 ± 1.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Hettange-Grande (France)	Renevier, 1864
Hirnantian	445.6 ± 1.5	443.7 ± 1.5	age	Ordovician	ICS	Cwm Hirnant (Wales)	Bancroft, 1933
Holkerian	339	337.5	age	Carboniferous	regional
Holocene	11,800 BP	present	epoch	Quaternary	ICS	Greek: totally new	Gervais, 1867
Holsteinian	0.418	0.386	age	Pleistocene	Northern Europe	Holstein (Germany)
Homerian	426.2 ± 2.4	422.9 ± 2.5	age	Silurian	ICS	Homer (England)	Bassett et al., 1975
Honghuayuanian	478.6	472	age	Ordovician	China
Houldjinian	37.2	33.9	ALMA		Asia
Houthalenian	<21	>16	age	Miocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Houthalen	Hirsch, 1952
Hoxnian	0.418	0.386	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Hoxne (Suffolk)	West & Donner, 1956
Hsandgolian	33.8	24.0	ALMA	Oligocene	Asia
Huashibanian	318.1 ± 1.3	313	age	Carboniferous	China
Huayquerian	9.0	6.8	age	Miocene	South America
Hutchinsonian	21	20	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Huronian	2,500	1,400	age	Proterozoic	worldwide (obsolete)
Ibexian	~505	471.8	age	Cambrian-Ordovician	North America
Icenian	2.4	~2	age	Pleistocene	Netherlands, England (obsolete)	Iceni, ancient tribe (England)	Pannekoek, 1956
Idamean	497	494	age	Cambrian	Australia
Ilfordian			age	Pleistocene	British Isles	Ilford (England)
Illinoian	0.17	0.125	age	Pleistocene	North America
Illyrian	240 ± 2.0	237 ± 2.0	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
Imbrian	3,850	3,200	period		Moon	Mare Imbrium
Induan	251.0 ± 0.4	249.7 ± 0.7	age	Triassic	ICS	river Indus	Kiparisova & Popov, 1956
Ionian	0.781	0.126	age	Pleistocene	Southern Europe	Ionian Sea (between Greece and Italy)
Ipswichian	0.130	0.116	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Ipswich (England)	West, 1957
Irdinmanhan	46.2	40.4	ALMA	Eocene	Asia
Irvingtonian	1.8		age	Pleistocene	North America	Irvington
Isuan	3,800	3,500	age	Archaean	Europe
Itaboraian	59	57	age	Paleocene	South America
Ivorean	348	345.3 ± 2.1	age	Carboniferous	regional
Jacksonian			age	Eocene	southern US
Janjukian	30.0	27.5	age	Oligocene	Australia
Jinningian	1,750	800	age	Proterozoic	China
Jiusian			age	Carboniferous	China
Johannian	48	35	age	Eocene	Australia
Judithian	82.2	80.8	NALMA	Cretaceous	North America
Julian	229.6 ± 2.0	222.5	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
Jurassic	199.6 ± 0.6	145.5 ± 4.0	period	Mesozoic	ICS	Jura mountains	Brongniart
Jeffersonian	475	473	sub-age	Ordovician	North America
Kaburan	13.5	11.1	age	Miocene	Japan
Kaiatan	37.0	36.0	age	Eocene	New Zealand
Kalimnan	4.3	3.4	age	Pliocene	Australia
Kansan	0.48	0.26	age	Pleistocene	North America
Kapitean	6.5	5.0	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Karatau	1,100	800	age	Proterozoic	Russia
Karoo Ice Age	~360	~260	ice age	Phanerozoic		Karoo (South Africa)
Karpatian	17.0	16.0	age	Miocene	Paratethys	the Carpathian Mountains	Cicha et al., 1967
Kashirskian	309.2	308.0	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Kasimovian	306.5 ± 1.0	303.9 ± 0.9	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Kasimov (Russia)
Kasterlian	~4.7	~3.6	age	Pliocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Kasterlee	Dumont, 1882
Katian	455.8 ± 1.6	445.6 ± 1.5	age	Ordovician	ICS	Lake Katy (Oklahoma, US)
Kattendijkian	~5	~3.6	age	Pliocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Kattendijke	Glibert & de Heinzelin, 1957
Kazanian			age	Permian	Russia
Kechienjian	1.9	1.5	age	Pleistocene	Japan
Keiloran	443.7 ± 1.5	433	age	Silurian	Australia
Kekeamuan	28.4	33.9	ALMA		Asia
Keuper^[4]	±230	199.6	epoch	Triassic	Europe		Von Alberti, 1834
Kimmeridgian	155.7 ± 4.0	150.8 ± 4.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Kimmeridge (England)	d'Orbigny
Kinderhookian	359.2 ± 2.5	348	age	Carboniferous	North America
Kinderscoutian	318.1 ± 1.3	317	age	Carboniferous	regional	Kinder Scout (England)
Kirkfield	458	457	age	Ordovician	regional
Kiscellian		25.8	age	Oligocene	Paratethys
Klazminskian	303.9 ± 0.9	300.5	age	Carboniferous	regional
Korangan	117.5	108.4	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Krevyakinskian	306.5	306	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Kryzhanovan	1.9	1.2	age	Pleistocene	Eastern Europe
Kungurian	275.6 ± 0.7	270.6 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS	Kungur (Russia)
Lacian	217.4 ± 2.0	211	sub-age		Europe
Ladinian	237.0 ± 2.0	228.0 ± 2.0	age	Triassic	ICS	Ladini, people in northern Italy	Bittner, 1892
Lancefieldian	482	475	age	Ordovician	Australia
Lancian	70.7	65.5	NALMA	Cretaceous	North America
Landenian	<60	>55	age	Paleocene	Western Europe (obsolete)	Landen (Belgium)	Dumont, 1839
Landon	34.3	21.7	epoch	Paleo-Neogene	New Zealand
Langenfeldian			age	Miocene	Northern Germany
Langhian	15.97	13.65	age	Miocene	ICS	Serravalle Langhe (Italy)	Pareto, 1864
Langsettian	314.5	313.4	age	Carboniferous	regional	Langsett (England)
Latdorfian			age	Oligocene	Germany
Laventan	13.8	12.0	age	Miocene	South America
Leonardian			age	Permian	North America
Lias^[4]	199.6 ± 0.6	175.6 ± 2.0	epoch	Jurassic	Northern Europe	unclear
Likhvinian	0.3	0.18	age	Pleistocene	Eastern Europe
Lillburnian	15.1	12.7	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Linxiangian	454.5	449	age	Ordovician	China
Lishihhuangtuan	1.2	0.1	age	Pleistocene	China
Livian	335	331	age	Carboniferous	Belgium (obsolete)	Lives
Llandeilo (Llandeilean)			epoch/age	Ordovician	Europe	Llandeilo (Wales)	Murchison, 1835
Llandovery	443.7 ± 1.5	428.2 ± 2.3	epoch	Silurian	ICS	Llandovery (Wales)	Murchison, 1859
Llanvirn(-ian)			epoch	Ordovician	Europe		Hicks, 1875
Lochkovian	416.0 ± 2.8	411.2 ± 2.8	age	Devonian	ICS	Lochkov (Czech Republic)
Longfordian	27.5	16.5	age	Oligo-Miocene	Australia
Longmaxian	443.7 ± 1.5	438	age	Silurian	China
Longobardian	233	229.6 ± 2.0	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
Longvillian	457	455	age	Ordovician	regional	Cheney Longville (England)
Longwangmioan	518	513	age	Cambrian	China
Lopingian	260.4 ± 0.7	251.0 ± 0.4	epoch	Permian	ICS	Loping (China)
Lotharingian	193.3 ± 0.7	189.6 ± 0.7	substage	Jurassic
Ludfordian	421.3 ± 2.6	418.7 ± 2.7	age	Silurian	ICS	Ludford (England)	Holland et al., 1980
Ludhamian	~2.52	~2.25	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Ludham (England)
Ludian			age	Eocene	western Europe		de Lapparent, 1893
Ludlovian	422.9 ± 2.5	418.7 ± 2.7	epoch	Silurian	ICS	Ludlow (England)	Murchison, 1854
Luisian	15.5	13.5	age	Miocene	California
Lujanian	0.8	0.3	age	Pleistocene	South America
Luliangian	2,350	1,750	age	Proterozoic	China
Luosuan	318.1	~314	age	Carboniferous	China
Lutetian	48.6 ± 0.2	40.4 ± 0.2	age	Eocene	ICS	Latin: Lutetia=Paris (France)	de Lapparent, 1883
Maastrichtian	70.6 ± 0.6	65.5 ± 0.3	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Maastricht (Netherlands)	Dumont, 1849
Maentwrogian	501	496.8	age	Cambrian	regional	Maentwrog (Wales)
Malanghuangtuan	0.1	0.01	age	Pleistocene	China
Malm^[4]	161.2 ± 4.0	145.5 ± 4.0	epoch	Jurassic	Europe	Old English: malm = calcareous soil
Mangaorapan	53.0	49.5	age	Eocene	New Zealand
Mangaotanean	92.1	89.1	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Mangapanian	3.00	2.40	age	Plio-Pleistocene	New Zealand
Maozhangian	513	509	age	Cambrian	China
Mapingian	310	299.0 ± 0.8	age	Carboniferous	China
Marahuan	2.2	1.8	sub-age	Pleistocene	New Zealand
Marjuman	504	494.5	age	Cambrian	North America
Marsdenian	317	315.5	age	Carboniferous	regional	Marsden, West Yorkshire, England
Marshbrookian	455	454	age	Ordovician	regional	Marshbrook (England)
Mayan	502	501 ± 2.0	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Mayanan	1100	850	age	Proterozoic	Siberia
Mayoian	12.0	10.0	age	Miocene	South America
Mayvillian	453	447.5	age	Ordovician	North America
Medinan			age	Silurian	North America
Meishuchuan	542	532	age	Cambrian	China
Melbournian	428.2 ± 2.3	416.0 ± 2.8	age	Silurian	Australia	Melbourne
Melekesskian	313.4	311.7	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Menapian		1.03	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	Menapii, Germanic tribe
Meramecian	340	333	age	Carboniferous	North America
Merioneth	501 ± 2	488.3 ± 1.7	epoch	Cambrian	Europe (obsolete)	Merioneth (Wales)
Merksemian	~2.5	~2	age	Pleistocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Merksem	de Heinzelin, 1958
Mesoarchean	3,200	2,800	era	Archean	ICS
Mesoproterozoic	1,600	1,000	era	ICS
Mesozoic	251.0 ± 0.7	65.5 ± 0.3	era		ICS	middle life
Messinian	7.246	5.332	age	Miocene	ICS	Messina (Italy)	Mayer-Eymar, 1867
Miaogoalingian	422	418.7	age	Silurian	China
Migneintian	486	478.6 ± 1.7	age	Ordovician	Europe
Mindel	0.85	0.465	age	Pleistocene	Alps	river Mindel (Germany)
Mindel-Riss	0.465	0.238	age	Pleistocene	Alps
Mindyallan	501	497	age	Cambrian	Australia
Miocene	23.03	5.332	epoch	Neogene	ICS	Greek: less recent	Lyell, 1847
Mississippian	359.2 ± 2.5	318.1 ± 1.3	epoch	Carboniferous	ICS	Mississippi River (US)
Missourian			age	Carboniferous	North America
Mitchellian	10.5	5.0	age	Plio-Miocene	Australia
Mohawkian	462	451	epoch	Ordovician	North America
Mohnian	13.5	7.5	age	Miocene	California
Mokolian	2,050	900	age	Proterozoic	South Africa
Monroecreekian	26.3	24.8	age	Oligocene	North America	Monroe Creek
Montehermosan	6.8	4.0	age	Plio-Miocene	South America
Montezuman	529.5	524.5	age	Cambrian	North America
Montian	~65	~61	age	Paleocene	Europe (obsolete)	Mons (Belgium)	Dewalque, 1868
Moridunian	478.6 ± 1.7	475	age	Ordovician	Europe	Moridunum (Wales)
Morozovan	0.8	0.5	age	Pleistocene	Eastern Europe
Morrowan			age	Carboniferous	North America
Moscovian	311.7 ± 1.1	306.5 ± 1.0	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Moscow (Russia)
Motuan	103.3	100.2	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Muschelkalk^[4]	243 ± 2	235 ± 2	epoch	Triassic	Europe	German: limestone with mussels	Füchsel, 1761
Mustersan	48	42	age	Eocene	South America
Myachkovskian	307.2	306.5	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Namibian	900	542	age	Neoproterozoic	South Africa	Namibia
Namurian	326.4	313.0	age	Carboniferous	Europe	Namur (Belgium)	Purves, 1883
Nanzian	48	35	age	Eocene	California
Navarroan			age	Cretaceous-Paleocene	south and east of the US	Navarro, Texas	Murray, 1961
Nebraskian	0.93	0.6	age	Pleistocene	North America (obsolete)
Nectarian	3920	3850	period		Moon	Mare Nectaris
Needian	0.42	0.38	age	Pleistocene	Netherlands (obsolete)	Neede
Nemakit-Daldynian	542	534	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Neoarchean	2,800	2,500	era	Archean	ICS
Neocomian	145.5	125.0/130.0	epoch		obsolete	Neocomium, Latin name for Neuchâtel
Neogene	23.0	2.588	period	Cenozoic	ICS		Hoernes, 1856
Neoproterozoic	1,000	542.0 ± 1.0	era		ICS
Neporatan	2.5	1.7	age	Pleistocene	Eastern Europe
Neustrian	55.0	50.8	ELMMZ	Paleo-Eocene	Europe
Ngaterian	100.2	95.2	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Niagaran			age	Silurian	North America
Noachian	none	~3,500	Martian epoch		Mars	Noachis Terra
Noginskian	300.5	299.0 ± 0.8	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Nomentanan	0.24	0.13	age	Pleistocene	Italy
Nongshanian	62.9	56.9	ALMA	Paleocene	Asia
Norian	216.5 ± 2.0	203.6 ± 1.5	age	Triassic	ICS	Noric Alps (Austria)
Nukumaruan	3.1	1.8	age	Pleistocene	New Zealand
Nullaginian	2,500	1,800	age	Proterozoic	Australia
Ochoan			age	Permian	North America
Odessan	1.2	0.8	age	Pleistocene	Eastern Europe
Okaian	0.5	0.3	sub-age	Ordovician	North America
Okehuan	1.1	0.37	age	Pleistocene	New Zealand
Older Dryas	13,480 BP	13,350 BP	chron	Weichselian	Europe	Dryas octopetala (plant)
Oldest Dryas	13,860	13,780	chron	Weichselian	Europe	Dryas octopetala (plant)
Olenekian	249.5	245.9	age	Triassic	ICS	river Olenyok (Siberia)
Oligocene	33.9 ± 0.1	23.03	epoch	Paleogene	ICS	"not so recent"	Beyrich, 1857
Onnian	453	449	age	Ordovician	regional	River Onny (England)
Oostermeer Interglacial	0.243	0.238	age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	Oostermeer
Opoitian	5.0	3.8	age	Pliocene	New Zealand
Ordian	520	510	age	Cambrian	Australia
Ordovician	488.3 ± 1.7	443.7 ± 1.5	period	Paleozoic	ICS	Ordovices, Celtic tribe	Lapworth, 1879
Orellan	33.9	33.3	age	Oligocene	North America
Orleanian	20.4	15	ELMMZ	Miocene	Europe	Orléans (France)
Orosirian	2,050	1,800	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Osagean			age	Carboniferous	North America
Otaian	21.7	19.0	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Ottnangian	18.3	17.0	age	Miocene	Paratethys	Ottnang am Hausruck (Austria)	Papp & Rögl, 1967
Oxfordian	161.2 ± 4.0	155.0 ± 4.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Oxford (England)	d’Orbigny
Paibian	501.0 ± 2.0	496	age	Cambrian	ICS	Paibi (China)
Paleoarchean	3,600	3,200	era	Archean	ICS
Paleocene	65.5 ± 0.3	55.8 ± 0.2	epoch	Paleogene	ICS	oldest recent	Schimper, 1847
Paleophytic	~450	~270	era		paleobotany	old flora
Paleogene	65.5 ± 0.3	23.0	period	Cenozoic	ICS		Hoernes, 1856
Paleoproterozoic	2,500	1,600	era		ICS
Paleozoic	542.0 ± 1.0	251.0 ± 0.7	era		ICS	old life
Pannonian	11.608 ± 0.005	7.246 ± 0.005	age	Miocene	Paratethys	Pannonia (Roman province)	Roth von Telegd, 1879
Pareora	21.7	15.9	epoch	Neogene	New Zealand
Pastonian	~1.87	1.77	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Paston, Norfolk (England)
Payntonian	491	488.3 ± 1.7	age	Cambrian	Australia
Peligran	62.5	59	age	Paleocene	South America
Pendleian	326.4 ± 1.6	326	age	Carboniferous	regional	Pendle Hill (England)
Pennsylvanian	318.1 ± 1.3	299.0 ± 0.8	epoch	Carboniferous	ICS	Pennsylvania (US)
Penutian	53	51	age	Eocene	California
Permian	299.0 ± 0.8	251.0 ± 0.4	period	Paleozoic	ICS	Perm (Russia)	Murchison, 1849
Phanerozoic	542.0 ± 1.0	present	eon		ICS	visible life
Piacenzian	3.600	2.588	age	Pliocene	ICS	Piacenza (Italy)	Mayer-Eymar, 1858
Piripauan	86.5	84	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Pleistocene	2.588	0.0117	epoch	Quaternary	ICS	youngest recent
Pleniglacial	73,000 BP	14,500 BP	sub-age	Pleistocene	Northern Europe
Pliensbachian	189.6 ± 1.5	183.0 ± 1.5	age	Jurassic	ICS	Pliensbach (Germany)	Oppel, 1858
Pliocene	5.332	2.588	epoch	Neogene	ICS	newer recent	Lyell, 1847
Podolskian	308	307.2	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Poederlian	~3.5	~2.5	age	Pliocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Poederlee	Vincent, 1889
Pontian	7.246 ± 0.005	5.332 ± 0.005	epoch	Miocene	Paratethys	Pontus Euxinus, Latin name for the Black Sea	Le Play, 1842
Pontinian	0.1	0.01	age	Pleistocene	Italy
Porangan	46.2	43.0	age	Eocene	New Zealand
Portlandian			age	Jurassic	British Isles	Isle of Portland (England)
Potsdamian	501 ± 2	488.3 ± 1.7	epoch	Cambrian	Germany
Poundian	570	542 ± 0.3	age	Cambrian	Australia
Pragian	411.2 ± 2.8	407.0 ± 2.8	age	Devonian	ICS	Prague (Czech Republic)
Preboreal	11,560 BP	10,640 BP	chron		Northern Europe	before the Boreal
Precambrian	none	542.0 ± 1.0	none (before: eon)		worldwide	before the Cambrian
Pre-Illinoian			age	Pleistocene	North America	before the Illinoian
Preludhamian	~2.52	~2.61	age	Plio-Pleistocene	Great Britain	before the Ludhamian
Prenectarian	4567	3850	period		Moon	before the Nectarian
Prepastonian	~2.0	~1.87	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	before the Pastonian
Pretiglian	2.588	2.40	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	before the Tiglian Tegelen (The Netherlands)	Van der Vlerk, 1948
Priabonian	37.2 ± 0.1	33.9 ± 0.1	age	Eocene	ICS	Priabona (Italy)	Munier-Chalmas & De Lapparent, 1893
Pridoli(an)	418.7 ± 2.7	416.0 ± 2.8	epoch	Silurian	ICS	Přidoli (Czech Republic)
Proterozoic	2,500	542.0 ± 1.0	eon		ICS
Puercan	65.5	63.3	age	Paleocene-Cretaceous	North America
Purbeckian			age	Cretaceous-Jurassic	England (obsolete)	Isle of Purbeck (England)
Pusgillian	449	447.5	age	Ordovician	Europe	Pus Gill, Cumbria (England)	Dean, 1959
Putikian	0.37	0.01	age	Pleistocene	New Zealand
Quaternary	2.588	present	period	Cenozoic	ICS	fourth part	Arduino, 1760
Qungzusian	532	523	age	Cambrian	China
Rancholabrean			age	Pleistocene	North America
Randian	3,000	2,500	age	Archaean	South Africa
Rawtheyan	446.5	445.5	age	Ordovician	Europe	River Rawthey (England)
Refugian	35.0	33.5	age	Oligo-Eocene	California
Reinbekian			age	Miocene	Northern Germany
Relizian	16.5	13.5	age	Miocene	California
Repettian	2.9	2.2	age	Plio-Pleistocene	California
Reuverian	3.5	2.558	chronozone	Pliocene	Northwest Europe	Reuver (The Netherlands)
Rhaetian	203.6 ± 1.5	199.6 ± 0.6	age	Triassic	ICS	Rhaetian Alps (Switzerland, Austria, Italy)
Rhuddanian	443.7 ± 1.5	439.0 ± 1.8	age	Silurian	ICS	Cwm-Rhuddian (Wales)
Rhyacian	2,300	2,050	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Richmondian	449	445.6 ± 1.5	age	Ordovician	North America
Riochican	57	54	age	Eo-Paleocene	South America
Riphean	1,650	650	age	Proterozoic	worldwide (obsolete)
Riss Glacial	0.238	0.128	age	Pleistocene	Alps	river Riß (Germany)
Riss-Würm Interglacial	0.128	0.116	age	Pleistocene	Alps
Roadian	270.6 ± 0.7	268.0 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS
Robiacian	42.7	37.2	ELMMZ	Miocene	Europe
Romanian	3.6	1.8	age	Plio-Pleistocene	Paratethys
Rotliegend(-es)^[4]	299	270.6	sub-period	Permian	unofficial	German for "Red foot wall".	A traditional copper mining term in the Mansfelder Land for the red oreless sandstone below the Kupferschiefer.
Runangan	36.0	34.3	age	Eo-Oligocene	New Zealand
Rupelian	33.9 ± 0.1	28.4 ± 0.1	age	Oligocene	ICS	river Rupel (Belgium)	Dumont, 1850
Ruscinian	4.9	3.5	ELMMZ	Pliocene	Europe	Ruscino, Latin for the Roussillon (France)	Kretzoi, 1962
Saalian	0.238	0.128	age	Pleistocene	Northern Europe	river Saale (Germany)
Sakian	494.5	493	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Sakmarian	294.6 ± 0.8	284.4 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS	river Sakmara (Russia)	Karpinski, 1874
Sandbian	460.9 ± 1.6	455.8 ± 1.6	age	Ordovician	ICS	Sandby, Sweden
Sangamonian	0.125	0.075	age	Pleistocene	North America
Santacrucian	17.5	16.3	age	Miocene	South America
Santomian	1.81	1.5	sub-age	Pleistocene	Italy
Santonian	85.8 ± 0.7	83.5 ± 0.7	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Saintes (France)	Coquand, 1873
Sarmatian	12.7	11.6	age	Miocene	Paratethys	Sarmatians (ancient people)	Suess, 1866
Saxonian	~290	~258	age	Permian	Europe (obsolete)	Saxony
Saucesian	22.0	16.5	age	Miocene	California
Scaldisian	~4	~2.5	age	Pliocene	Belgium (obsolete)	Scaldus, Latin name for the river Scheldt	Dumont, 1850
Scythian	251 ± 0.2	245 ± 1.5	Epoch	Early Triassic	Europe	Scythia
Selandian	61.7 ± 0.2	58.7 ± 0.2	age	Paleocene	ICS	Seeland (Denmark)	Rosenkrantz, 1924
Senecan	388	370	age	Devonian	North America
Senonian	89.3	65.5	epoch	Cretaceous	unofficial	Sens (France)	d'Orbigny
Serpukhovian	326.4 ± 1.6	318.1 ± 1.3	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Serpukhov (Russia)
Serravallian	13.65	11.608	age	Miocene	ICS	Serravalle Scrivia (Italy)	Pareto, 1864
Sevatian	206	202.3 ± 1.5	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
Shanghuan	65.5	62.9	ALMA	Paleocene	Asia
Shangsian		318.1	age	Carboniferous	China
Shaodongian	359.2 ± 2.5	349.5	age	Carboniferous	China
Sharamurunian	40.4	37.2	ALMA	Eocene	Asia
Sheinwoodian	428.2 ± 2.3	426.2 ± 2.4	age	Silurian	ICS	Sheinwood (England)	Basset et al., 1975
Shermanian	457	454	age	Ordovician	regional
Shinulanian	438	433	age	Silurian	China
Sicilian	0.781	0.260	sub-age	Pleistocene	Italy	Sicily
Siderian	2,500	2,300	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Silesian	326.4	299.0	subperiod	Carboniferous	Europe	Silesia
Siegenian			age	Devonian	North America, Europe
Silurian	443.7 ± 1.5	416.0 ± 2.8	period	Paleozoic	ICS	Silures, Celtic tribe	Murchison, 1835
Sinemurian	196.5 ± 1.0	189.6 ± 1.5	age	Jurassic	ICS	Semur-en-Auxois (France)	d'Orbigny, 1842
Sinian	800	542	age	Neoproterozoic	China
Soudleyan	458	457	age	Ordovician	regional	Soudley (England)
Southland	15.9	10.9	epoch	Neogene	New Zealand
Springerian			age	Carboniferous	North America
St. David's	513 ± 2	501 ± 2	epoch	Cambrian	Europe (obsolete)	St Davids (Wales)
Stampian			age	Oligocene	western Europe	Étampes (France)	d'Orbigny, 1852
Statherian	1,800	1,600	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Stenian	1,200	1,000	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Stephanian	303.9	299.0	age	Carboniferous	Europe	Saint-Étienne (France)	Mayer-Eymar, 1878
Steptoan	494.5	493	age	Cambrian	North America
Streffordian	452	449	age	Ordovician	Europe	Strefford (England)
Sturtian	~730		age	Neoproterozoic	worldwide, unofficial
Subatlantic	2400 BP	0	chron	Holocene	Northern Europe
Subboreal	5660 BP	2400 BP	chron	Holocene	Northern Europe
Suchian	3.0	1.9	age	Plio-Pleistocene	Japan
Suevian	33.8	29.2	ELMMZ	Oligocene	Europe
Sunwaptan	493	491	age	Cambrian	North America
Susterian	8.5	5.3	chronozone	Miocene	Northwest Europe	Susteren (The Netherlands)
Swazian	4,000	3,000	age	Archaean	South Africa
Syltian			age	Miocene	Northern Germany
Tabenbulakian	24.0	23.03	ALMA	Oligocene	Asia
Tangbagouan	359.2		age	Carboniferous	China
Taranaki	10.9	5.28	epoch	Neogene	New Zealand
Tarantian	0.15	0.0115	age	Pleistocene	Southern Europe	Tarento (Italy)
Tatarian			age	Permian	Russia	Tatarstan
Taxandrian	1.80	0.418	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands (obsolete)
Tayloran			age	Cretaceous	south and west of the US	Taylor, Texas	Murray, 1961
Telychian	436.0 ± 1.9	428.2 ± 2.3	age	Silurian	ICS	Pen-lan-Telych (Wales)	Cocks et al. 1973
Templetonian	510	508	age	Cambrian	Australia
Teratan	89.1	86.5	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Terreneuvian	542.0 ± 1.0	521	epoch	Cambrian	ICS	Terre-Neuve, French name for Newfoundland
Tertiary	65.5 ± 0.3	2.588	sub-era	Cenozoic^[7]	worldwide	third part	Arduino, 1760
Teurian	65.0	55.5	age	Paleocene	New Zealand
Thanetian	58.7 ± 0.2	55.8 ± 0.2	age	Paleocene	ICS	Isle of Thanet (England)	Renevier, 1874
Thuringian	285	251	age	Permian)	Europe (obsolete)	Thuringia (Germany)
Thurnian	~2.25	~2.12	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	River Thurne (England}	West, 1961
Tiffanian	60.2	56.8	age	Paleocene	North America
Tiglian	2.40	1.80	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	Tegelen (The Netherlands)
Tinguirirican	36	29	age	Oligo-Eocene	South America
Tithonian	150.8 ± 4.0	145.5 ± 4.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Tithon (Greek mythology)	Oppel, 1865
Tiupampan	64.5	62.5	age	Paleocene	South America	Tiupampa	Marshall & de Muizon, 1988
Toarcian	183.0 ± 1.5	175.6 ± 2.0	age	Jurassic	ICS	Thouars (France)	d'Orbigny, 1849
Toyonian	518.5	513.0 ± 2.0	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Tommotian	534	530	age	Cambrian	Russia, Kazakhstan
Tongaporutuan	10.9	6.5	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Tongrian			age	Oligocene	western Europe
Tonian	1,000	850	period	Proterozoic	ICS
Torrejonian	63.3	60.2	age	Paleocene	North America
Tortonian	11.608	7.246	age	Miocene	ICS	Tortona (Italy)	Mayer-Eymar, 1858
Totomian	3.6	3.0	age	Pliocene	Japan
Tournaisian	359.2 ± 2.5	345.3 ± 2.1	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Tournai (Belgium)	Dumont, 1832
Tozawan	15.97	13.5	age	Miocene	Japan
Treenean	0.15	0.17	chronozone	Pleistocene	Northwest Europe
Tremadoc(-ian)	488.3 ± 1.7	478.6 ± 1.7	epoch	Ordovician	ICS	Tremadoc Bay (Wales)	Sedgwick, 1846
Trempealeauan	492.5	488.3 ± 1.7	age	Cambrian	North America
Trentonian			age	Carboniferous		North America
Triassic	251.0 ± 0.4	199.6 ± 0.6	period	Mesozoic	ICS	threefold	Von Alberti, 1834
Tubantian	0.116	0.0115	age	Pleistocene	Netherlands (obsolete)		Van der Vlerk & Florschütz, 1950
Turolian	8.7	4.9	ELMMZ	Mio-Pliocene	Europe	Turolium, Latin for Teruel (Spain)	Crusafont, 1965
Turonian	93.5 ± 0.8	89.3 ± 1.0	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Tours (France)	d'Orbigny, 1842
Tuvalian	222.5	217.4 ± 2.0	sub-age	Triassic	Europe
Tyrrhenian	0.26	0.01143	sub-age	Pleistocene	Italy	Tyrrhenian Sea	Issel, 1914
Ufimian	268	270,6	age	Permian	obsolete
Uintan	46.2	42.0	age	Eocene	North America
Ulangochuian	37.2	35.1	ALMA	Eocene	Asia
Ulatisian	51	48	age	Eocene	California
Ulsterian			age	Devonian	North America
Undillian	506	504	age	Cambrian	Australia
Uquian	3.0	1.2	age	Plio-Pleistocene	South America	Uquia (Argentina)	Castellanos, 1923
Urutawan	108.4	103.3	age	Cretaceous	New Zealand
Vaalian	2,500	2,050	age	Proterozoic	South Africa
Valanginian	140.2 ± 3.0	136.4 ± 2.0	age	Cretaceous	ICS	Valangin (Switzerland)	Desor, 1853
Vallesian	11.1	8.7	ELMMZ	Miocene	Europe	The Vallès (Spain)	Crusafont, 1950
Vendian	~610	542.0 ± 1.0	subera	Proterozoic	worldwide (obsolete)
Venturian	2.2	1.9	age	Pleistocene	California
Vereiskian	311.7 ± 1.1	309.2	age	Carboniferous	Russia
Vierlandian			age	Miocene	Northern Germany
Vicksburgian			age	Oligocene	southern US
Villafranchian	3.5	1.1	ELMMZ	Plio-Pleistocene	Europe
Virgilian			age	Carboniferous	North America
Visean	345.3 ± 2.1	326.4 ± 1.6	age	Carboniferous	ICS	Visé (Belgium)	Dumont, 1832
Vraconian			sub-age	Cretaceous	regional
Waalian	1.45	1.20	super-age	Pleistocene	Netherlands	river Waal
Waiauan	12.7	10.9	age	Miocene	New Zealand
Waipawan	55.5	53.0	age	Eocene	New Zealand
Waipipian	3.60	3.00	age	Pliocene	New Zealand
Waitakian	25.2	21.7	age	Oligo-Miocene	New Zealand
Waitotaran	3.8	3.1	sub-age	Pliocene	New Zealand
Waltonian		~2.52	age	Pliocene	Great Britain	Walton-on-the-Naze	Harmer,
Wanganui	5.28	present	epoch	Neogene-Quaternary	New Zealand	Wanganui
Wangerripian			age	Paleo-Eocene	Australia
Warendian	485	478.6	age	Ordovician	Australia
Warthian	0.15	0.13	chronozone	Pleistocene	Northwest Europe
Wasatchian	55.4	50.3	age	Eocene	North America
Waucoban			epoch	Cambrian	North America
Weichselian	0.116	0.0115	age		Northern Europe	Weichsel, German name for the river Vistula (Poland)
Wenlock(-ian)	428.2 ± 2.3	422.9 ± 2.5	epoch	Silurian	ICS	Much Wenlock (England)	Murchison, 1833
Werrikooian	1.00	1.806	age	Pleistocene	Australia
Westphalian	313.0	303.9	age	Carboniferous	Europe	Westphalia (Germany)	de Lapparent & Munier-Chalmas, 1892
Whaingaroan	34.3	27.3	age	Oligocene	New Zealand
Wheelerian	1.9	0.01143	age	Pleistocene	California
Whiterockian	471.8 ± 1.6	462	age	Ordovician	North America
Whitlandian	475	473.5	age	Ordovician	Europe	Whitland (Wales)
Whitneyan	33.3	30.8	age	Oligocene	North America
Whitwellian	426.2 ± 2.4	425.4	age	Silurian	regional	Whitwell Coppice (England)
Wisconsinan	0.075	0.01	age	Pleistocene	North America
Wolfcampian			age	Permian	North America
Wolstonian	0.238	0.128	age	Pleistocene	Great Britain	Wolston (England)
Woodbinian			age	Cretaceous	Gulf and Atlantic coast of the US		Murray, 1961
Wordian	268.0 ± 0.7	265.8 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS
Wuchenghuangtuan	2.4	1.2	age	Pleistocene	China
Wuchiapingian	260.4 ± 0.7	253.8 ± 0.7	age	Permian	ICS
Würm Glacial	0.116	0.0115	age	Pleistocene	Alps	river Würm (Germany)
Wutaian	2,600	2,350	age	Archaean-Proterozoic	China
Xiaodushanian		299	age	Carboniferous	China
Xiushanian	429	425.5	age	Silurian	China
Yanguan	349.5	345	age	Carboniferous	China
Yarmouthian	0.26	0.17	age	Pleistocene	North America	Aegean Sea
Yatalan	3.4	2.0	age	Plio-Pleistocene	Australia
Yeadonian	315.5	314.5	age	Carboniferous	regional	Yeadon (England)
Younger Dryas	12,700 BP	11,560 BP	chron	Weichselian	Northern Europe	Dryas octopetala (plant)
Ypeenian	470	468.1	age	Ordovician	Australia
Ypresian	55.8 ± 0.2	48.6 ± 0.2	age	Eocene	ICS	Ypres, French name for Ieper (Template:font) in Belgium	Dumont, 1849
Ynezian	61.5	55.8	age	Paleocene	California
Yuian	9.5	3.6	age	Plio-Miocene	Japan
Yurmatian	1,375	1,100	age	Proterozoic	Russia
Yuzanjian	1.5	0.75	age	Pleistocene	Japan
Zanclean	5.332	3.60	age	Pliocene	ICS	Zancla, old name for Messina (Italy)	Sequenza, 1868
Zechstein^[4]	±270	±250	sub-period	Permian	Europe (unofficial)
Zemorrian	33.5	22.0	age	Oligo-Miocene	California
Zhungxian	505	501	age	Cambrian	China
Zuzhungian	509	503	age	Cambrian	China

Comparative terms in chronostratigraphy and geochronology

Segments of rock (strata) in chronostratigraphy Time spans in geochronology Notes to geochronological units

eonothem eon 4 total, half a billion years or more
erathem era 14 total, several hundred million years
system period - -
series epoch - tens of millions of years
stage age - millions of years
chronozone chron - -

^ Names from local versions of the geologic timescale can often be found in the local language. The English name is usually found by replacing the suffix in the local language for -an or -ian. Examples for "local" suffices are -en (French), -ano (Spanish), -ium (German), -aidd (Welsh) or -aan (Flemish Dutch). The English name "Norian", for example, becomes Noriano in Spanish, Norium in German, Noraidd in Welsh or Norien in French.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Time is given in Megaannum (million years BP, unless other units are given in the table. BP stands for "years before present". For ICS-units the absolute ages are taken from Gradstein et al. (2004).
^ Hohenegger, Johann, Ćorić, Stjepan, Wagreich, Michael (2014) “Timing of the Middle Miocene Badenian Stage of the Central Paratethys”, in Geologica Carpathica‎, volume 65, number 1, →DOI
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 This name is often still used in a chronostratigraphic or geochronologic sense, although it is now officially a lithostratigraphic unit.
^ Menning et al. 2005
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Hoffmann et al. 2004
^ The status of the Tertiary is not yet decided. The ICS will probably make a decision in 2009.

[1] Names from local versions of the geologic timescale can often be found in the local language. The English name is usually found by replacing the suffix in the local language for -an or -ian. Examples for "local" suffices are -en (French), -ano (Spanish), -ium (German), -aidd (Welsh) or -aan (Flemish Dutch). The English name "Norian", for example, becomes Noriano in Spanish, Norium in German, Noraidd in Welsh or Norien in French.

[time-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Time is given in Megaannum (million years BP, unless other units are given in the table. BP stands for "years before present". For ICS-units the absolute ages are taken from Gradstein et al. (2004).

[3] Hohenegger, Johann, Ćorić, Stjepan, Wagreich, Michael (2014) “Timing of the Middle Miocene Badenian Stage of the Central Paratethys”, in Geologica Carpathica‎, volume 65, number 1, →DOI

[group-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 This name is often still used in a chronostratigraphic or geochronologic sense, although it is now officially a lithostratigraphic unit.

[5] Menning et al. 2005

[Hoffmann-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Hoffmann et al. 2004

[7] The status of the Tertiary is not yet decided. The ICS will probably make a decision in 2009.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

User:DCDuring/Geology

Eras

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Table of geological time periods

Comparative terms in chronostratigraphy and geochronology

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