User:ND381/Wugniu

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Wugniu is a pan-Wu Romanization scheme that is widely adopted by many learners and linguists studying Wu languages. The scheme is (about to be) implemented into Wugniu, however, it can also be used in other varieties. The upside of the scheme is, due to its universal nature, a Wugniu Romanisation is often enough or close-to-enough to give a rough idea of the pronunciation of each and every Wu variety. This page lists the pronunciation and appearance of every single variety covered by the Wugniu Romanisation scheme, as described on their official website. Note that some varieties, such as that of Jinsha, Nantong, have data but no Romanisation. Those will not be included in this page.

Tones

Distribution of the historical four tone categories in Wu languages
中古漢語四聲於吳語方言分佈
subgroup

方言片

cluster

方言小片

locality

方言點

Middle Chinese tone class
中古聲調
total tones
聲調總數

Level
꜀①꜁②

Rising
꜂③꜃④

Departing
⑤꜄⑥꜅

Checked
⑦꜆⑧꜇
Syllable onset
voiceless
voiced
voiceless
voiced
voiceless
voiced
voiceless
voiced
sonorant
次濁次浊
obstruent
全濁全浊
tenuis
不送氣不送气
aspirate
送氣送气
sonorant
次濁次浊
obstruent
全濁全浊
↓ Varieties ⁄⁄ Example chars →
Taihu
太湖片
Shanghai
上海
Urban Shanghai
(Old)
上海市區(老派)
꜀① 53 ⑥꜅ 13 ꜂③ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 12 6
Urban Shanghai
(Middle/New)
上海市區
(中派新派)
꜀① 53 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑤꜄ 334 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑤꜄ 334 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑦꜆ 55 ⑧꜇ 12 5
Eastern Nantong
南通東部
꜀① 44 ꜁② 13 ꜂③ 51 ꜃④ 131 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Haimen, Nantong
南通海門
꜀① 53 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 343 ꜃④ 231 ⑤꜄ 34 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Chongming, Shanghai
上海崇明
꜀① 55 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 424 ꜃④ 242 ⑤꜄ 33 ⑥꜅ 313 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Jiading, Shanghai
上海嘉定
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ⑤꜄ 34 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 34 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 6
Baoshan, Shanghai
上海寶山
꜀① 52 ꜁② 231 ꜂③ 334 ⑥꜅ 213 ꜂③ 334 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 12 6
Chunsha, Shanghai
上海川沙
꜀① 53 ꜃④ 213 ꜂③ 44 ꜃④ 213 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Putuo, Shanghai
上海普陀
꜀① 53 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Qingpu, Shanghai
上海青浦
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Songjiang, Shanghai
上海松江
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 44 ꜃④ 22 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Fengxian, Shanghai
上海奉賢
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 44 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑤꜄ 335 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 7
Jinshan, Shanghai
上海金山
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 44 ꜃④ 22 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Sujiahu
蘇嘉湖
Urban Suzhou
蘇州市區
꜀① 44 ꜁② 223 ꜂③ 51 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑤꜄ 523 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑦꜆ 43 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Urban Wuxi
無錫市區
꜀① 44 ⑥꜅ 223 ꜂③ 323 ꜃④ 13 ⑥꜅ 223 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 223 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Urban Jiaxing
嘉興市區
꜀① 51 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 213 ꜃④ 212 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 14 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 8
Urban Huzhou
湖州市區
꜀① 44 ꜁② 12 ꜂③ 42 ꜃④ 31 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Changshu, Suzhou
蘇州常熟
꜀① 53 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 44 ꜃④ 31 ⑤꜄ 423 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Kunshan, Suzhou
(New)
蘇州崑山(新派)
꜀① 44 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 52 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑤꜄ 412 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Kunshan, Suzhou
(Old)
蘇州崑山(老派)
꜀① 44 ꜁② 132 ꜂③ 52 ⑥꜅ 312 ⑤꜄ 412 ⑥꜅ 312 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Wujiang, Suzhou
蘇州吳江
꜀① 55 ꜁② 24 ꜃④ 33 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 6
Pinghu, Jiaxing
嘉興平湖
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ⑤꜄ 445 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 445 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 6
Tongxiang, Jiaxing
嘉興桐鄉
꜀① 44 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 42 ⑤꜄ 334 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Jiaxian, Jiaxing
嘉興嘉善
꜀① 35 ꜁② 31 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 6
Haiyan, Jiaxing
嘉興海鹽
꜀① 51 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 343 ꜃④ 232 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Haining, Jiaxing
嘉興海寧
꜀① 44 ꜁② 113 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 42 ⑤꜄ 445 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Nanxun, Huzhou
湖州長興
꜀① 44 ꜁② 13 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 42 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑤꜄ 334 ꜁② 13 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Deqing, Huzhou
湖州德清
꜀① 44 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 31 ⑤꜄ 435 ⑥꜅ 224 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 8
Yuhang, Hangzhou
杭州餘杭
꜀① 44 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 243 ⑤꜄ 423 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Linping, Hangzhou
杭州臨平
꜀① 44 ꜁② 13 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 31 ꜀① 44 ꜁② 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 6
Anji, Huzhou
湖州安吉
꜀① 44 ꜁② 21 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 42 ꜁② 21 ⑤꜄ 334 ꜃④ 42 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 6
Hangzhou
杭州
Urban Hangzhou
杭州市區
꜀① 33 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 53 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Linshao
臨紹
Urban Shaoxing
紹興市區
꜀① 52 ꜁② 231 ꜂③ 335 ꜃④ 113 ⑤꜄ 33 ⑥꜅ 11 ⑦꜆ 45 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Tonglu, Hangzhou
杭州桐廬
꜀① 43 ꜁② 13 ꜂③ 55 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 7
Xiaoshan, Hangzhou
杭州蕭山
꜀① 44 ꜁② 13 ꜂③ 34 ꜃④ 213 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Keqiao, Shaoxing
紹興柯橋
꜀① 53 ꜁② 131 ꜀① 53 ꜃④ 231 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 11 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Shangyu, Shaoxing
紹興上虞
꜀① 33 ꜁② 24 ꜀① 33 ꜁② 24 ⑤꜄ 42 ⑥꜅ 131 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 6
Fuyang, Hangzhou
杭州富陽
꜀① 53 ꜁② 113 ꜂③ 424 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑤꜄ 335 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Shengzhou, Shaoxing
紹興嵊州
꜀① 534 ꜁② 213 ꜀① 534 ꜃④ 22 ⑥꜅ 23 ⑤꜄ 45 ⑥꜅ 23 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Xinchang, Shaoxing
紹興新昌
꜀① 533 ꜁② 33 ꜂③ 533 ꜃④ 243 ⑤꜄ 424 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Yuyao, Ningbo
寧波餘姚
꜀① 44 ꜁② 13 ꜂③ 34 ꜁② 13 ⑤꜄ 53 ꜂③ 34 ꜁② 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Ciqi, Ningbo
寧波慈溪
꜀① 445 ꜁② 223 ꜀① 445 ꜁② 223 ꜀① 445 ꜁② 223 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 4
Yongjiang
甬江
Urban Ningbo
(Old)
寧波話(老派)
꜀① 53 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 35 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 7
Urban Ningbo
(New)
寧波話(新派)
꜀① 53 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 35 ꜁② 24 ꜀① 53 ꜁② 24 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 5
Zhoushan
舟山
꜀① 53 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 35 ꜃④ 24 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 8
Zhenjiang, Ningbo
寧波鎮江
꜀① 53 ꜁② 221 ꜂③ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Beilun, Ningbo
寧波北侖
꜀① 51 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 34 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Yinzhou, Ningbo
寧波鄞州
꜀① 53 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 34 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 7
Fenghua, Ningbo
寧波奉化
꜀① 44 ꜁② 23 ꜂③ 324 ꜃④ 213 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Xiangshan, Ningbo
寧波象山
꜀① 55 ꜁② 31 ꜀① 55 ꜁② 31 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑤꜄ 53 ꜁② 31 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 6
Daishan, Zhoushan
舟山岱山
꜀① 53 ꜁② 223 ꜂③ 433 ꜁② 223 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 7
Piling
毗陵
Urban Changzhou
(Old)
常州市區(老派)
꜀① 55 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 34 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑤꜄ 423 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Urban Changzhou
(New)
常州市區(新派)
꜀① 55 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 34 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑤꜄ 423 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Jingjiang, Taizhou
泰州靖江
꜀① 433 ꜁② 223 ꜂③ 334 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑤꜄ 51 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑦꜆ 55 ⑧꜇ 34 7
Yixing, Wuxi
無錫宜興
꜀① 55 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 52 ꜃④ 33 ⑥꜅ 21 ⑤꜄ 412 ⑥꜅ 21 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 8
Taizhou
台州
Linhai, Taizhou
台州臨海
꜀① 31 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 53 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 113 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Ninghai, Ningbo
寧波寧海
꜀① 44 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 31 ⑤꜄ 34 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Hepu, Zhoushan
舟山鶴浦
꜀① 51 ꜁② 21 ꜀① 51 ꜁② 21 ⑤꜄ 44 ⑥꜅ 213 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 6
Xianju, Taizhou
台州仙居
꜀① 334 ꜁② 312 ꜂③ 423 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Sanmen, Taizhou
台州三門
꜀① 334 ꜁② 223 ꜂③ 314 ⑥꜅ 33 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 33 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 6
Tiantai, Taizhou
台州天台
꜀① 334 ꜁② 224 ꜂③ 325 ꜃④ 214 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 35 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Jiaojiang, Taizhou does not have tone data.
台州椒江無聲調資料。
Luqiao, Taizhou
台州路橋
꜀① 33 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 42 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Wenling, Taizhou
台州溫嶺
꜀① 33 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 42 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 7
Jinqu
金衢
Urban Jinhua
金華市區
꜀① 334 ꜁② 313 ꜂③ 535 ꜃④ 4 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 14 ⑦꜆ 4 ⑧꜇ 212 8
Wucheng, Jinhua
金華婺城
꜀① 24 ꜁② 22 ꜂③ 535 ꜃④ 113 ⑤꜄ 52 ⑥꜅ 341 ⑦꜆ 55 ꜃④ 113 7
Lanxi, Jinhua
金華蘭溪
꜀① 334 ꜁② 21 ꜂③ 443 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑤꜄ 45 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑦꜆ 34 ⑧꜇ 12 8
Pujiang, Jinhua
金華浦江
꜀① 534 ꜁② 113 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 243 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 24 ⑦꜆ 34 ⑧꜇ 232 8
Dongyang, Jinhua
金華東陽
꜀① 445 ꜁② 312 ꜂③ 55 ꜃④ 35 ⑤꜄ 423 ⑥꜅ 324 ⑦꜆ 45 ⑧꜇ 324 8
Pan’an, Jinhua
金華磐安
꜀① 445 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 434 ꜃④ 244 ⑤꜄ 52 ⑥꜅ 14 ꜂③ 434 ꜁② 213 6
Yiwu, Jinhua
金華義烏
꜀① 33 ꜁② 213 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 31 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 22 ⑧꜇ 311 8
Wuyi, Jinhua
金華武義
꜀① 24 ꜁② 423 ꜂③ 445 ꜃④ 334 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 8
Yongkang, Jinhua
金華永安
꜀① 45 ꜁② 33 ꜂③ 545 ꜃④ 323 ⑤꜄ 54 ⑥꜅ 14 ꜂③ 545 ꜃④ 323 6 + s tones
Urban Quzhou
衢州市區
꜀① 323 ꜁② 212 ꜂③ 35 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 242 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 242 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 12 7
Longyou, Quzhou
衢州龍游
꜀① 434 ꜁② 21 ꜂③ 45 ꜃④ 213 ⑤꜄ 52 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Jinyun, Lishui
麗水縉雲
꜀① 44 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 41 ꜃④ 32 ⑥꜅ 214 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 214 ⑦꜆ 435 ⑧꜇ 35 8
Shangli
上麗
Lishui
麗水
Urban Lishui
麗水市區
꜀① 24 ꜁② 11 ꜂③ 544 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑤꜄ 52 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Suichang, Lishui
麗水遂昌
꜀① 55 ꜁② 221 ꜂③ 52 ꜃④ 13 ⑤꜄ 334 ꜁② 221 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Longquan, Lishui
麗水龍泉
꜀① 335 ꜁② 221 ꜂③ 53 ⑤꜄ 45 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 54 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Wuyi, Jinhua
金華武義
꜀① 24 ꜁② 434 ꜂③ 44 ꜃④ 223 ⑤꜄ 52 ⑥꜅ 231 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Yunhe, Lishui
麗水雲和
꜀① 324 ꜁② 423 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 21 ⑤꜄ 55 ⑥꜅ 223 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 24 8
Qingyuan, Lishui
麗水慶元
꜀① 334 ꜁② 52 ꜂③ 33 ꜃④ 221 ⑤꜄ 11 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 34 8
Songyuan, Lishui
麗水松陽
꜀① 53 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 213 ꜃④ 22 ⑤꜄ 24 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 2 8
Jingning, Lishui
麗水景寧
꜀① 324 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 33 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑤꜄ 35 ⑥꜅ 13 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 7
Qingtian, Lishui
麗水青田
꜀① 334 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 354 ꜃④ 31 ⑤꜄ 33 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 53 ⑧꜇ 31 8
Shangshan
上山
Kaihua, Quzhou
衢州開化
꜀① 45 ꜁② 341 ꜂③ 53 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑤꜄ 423 ꜂③ 53 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 24 7
Jiangshan, Quzhou
衢州江山
꜀① 44 ꜁② 313 ꜂③ 243 ꜃④ 33 ⑤꜄ 52 ꜂③ 243 ⑥꜅ 31 ꜃④ 33 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 8
Changshan, Quzhou
衢州常山
꜀① 45 ꜁② 341 ꜂③ 52 ꜃④ 24 ⑤꜄ 423 ꜂③ 52 ⑥꜅ 212 ꜃④ 24 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 34 8
Urban Shangrao
上饒市區
꜀① 55 ꜁② 312 ꜂③ 53 ꜃④ 31 ⑤꜄ 523 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 3 8
Guangfeng, Shangrao
上饒廣豐
꜀① 45 ꜁② 341 ꜂③ 52 ꜃④ 24 ⑤꜄ 424 ⑥꜅ 23 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Yushan, Shangrao
上饒玉山
꜀① 33 ꜁② 24 ꜂③ 45 ꜃④ 22 ⑤꜄ 52 ⑥꜅ 31 ⑦꜆ 5 ⑧꜇ 23 8
Oujiang
甌江
Urban Wenzhou
溫州市區
꜀① 33 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 35 ꜃④ 35 ⑤꜄ 42 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 213 ⑧꜇ 213 8
Yongjia, Wenzhou
溫州永嘉
꜀① 44 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 45 ꜃④ 34 ⑤꜄ 52 ꜂③ 45 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 323 ⑧꜇ 212 8
Rui’an, Wenzhou
溫州瑞安
꜀① 44 ꜁② 31 ꜂③ 35 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑤꜄ 53 ⑥꜅ 212 ⑦꜆ 424 ⑧꜇ 313 7
Pingyang, Wenzhou
溫州平陽
꜀① 44 ꜁② 21 ꜂③ 54 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑤꜄ 32 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 24 ⑧꜇ 213 7
Cangnan, Wenzhou
溫州蒼南
꜀① 44 ꜁② 21 ꜂③ 54 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑤꜄ 42 ⑥꜅ 22 ⑦꜆ 24 6

Only colloquial pronunciations taken into account. This chart is just a generalisation of most words, hence some tones in some words may have merged into a different category as listed in the chart.

Initials

The following chart shows the pronunciation of each initial in each Wu language. Græyed-out boxes list letters which do not exist in each lect.

Initials as
in Wugniu
於吳拼顯示之聲母
Labials
脣音
Coronals
齒音
Palatals
齦音
Velars
腭音
Glottals
聲門
p ph b m f v t th d n l ts tsh dz s z c ch j gn sh zh k kh g ng h gh w y
Taihu
太湖
Shanghai
(Middle/New)
上海(中派新派)
p b m f v t d n l ts tsʰ s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ ʑ k ɡ ŋ h ɦ ɦu ɦi
Shanghai (Old)
上海(老派)
p b m ϕ β t d n l ts tsʰ s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ k ɡ ŋ h ɦ
East Nantong
通東
p b m f v t d n l ts tsʰ dz s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ ʑ k ɡ ŋ x ɣ
Haimen
海門
p b m f v t d n l ts tsʰ dz s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ ʑ k ɡ ŋ h ɦu ɦi
Chongming
崇明
p b m f v t d n l ts tsʰ dz s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ ʑ k ɡ ŋ h ɦu ɦi
Jiading
嘉定
Baoshan
寶山
Chunsha
川沙
Putuo
普陀
Qingpu
青浦
Songjiang
松江
Fengxian
奉賢
Jinshan
金山
Suzhou
蘇州
p b m f v t d n l ts tsʰ s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ k ɡ ŋ h ɦ
Wuxi
無錫
p b m f v t d n l ts tsʰ s z tɕʰ ȵ ɕ k ɡ ŋ h ɦ ɦu ɦi
Jiaxing
嘉興
Huzhou
湖州
Changshu
常熟
Kunshan (New)
崑山(新)
Kunshan (Old)
崑山(老)
Wujiang
吳江
Pinghu
平湖
Tongxiang
桐鄉
Jiaxian
嘉善
Haiyan
海鹽
Changxun
長興
Deqing
德清
Yuhang
餘杭
Linping
臨平
Anji
安吉
Hangzhou (New)
杭州(新)
Hangzhou (Old)
杭州(老)
Shaoxing
紹興
Tonglu
桐廬
Xiaoshan
蕭山
Keqiao
柯橋
Shangyu
上虞
Fuyang
富陽
Shengzhou
嵊州
Xinchang
新昌
Yuyao
餘姚
Ciqi
慈溪
Ningbo
寧波
Zhoushan
舟山
Zhenjiang
鎮江
Beilun
北侖
Yinzhou
鄞州
Fenghua
奉化
Xiangshan
象山
Daishan
岱山
Changzhou
常州
Jingjiang
靖江
Yixing
宜興
Taizhou
台州
Linhai
臨海
Ninghai
寧海
Hepu
鶴浦
Xianju
仙居
Sanmen
三門
Tiantai
天台
Jiaojiang
椒江
Luqiao
路橋
Wenling
溫嶺
Jinqu
金衢
Jinhua
金華
Wucheng
婺城
Lanxi
蘭溪
Pujiang
浦江
Dongyang
東陽
Pan’an
磐安
Yiwu
義烏
Wuyi
武義
Yongkang
永康
Quzhou
衢州
Longyou
龍游
Lishui
縉雲
Shangli
上麗
Lishui
麗水
Suichang
遂昌
Longquan
龍泉
Wuyi
武義
Yunhe
雲和
Qingyuan
慶元
Songyuan
松陽
Jingning
景寧
Qingtian
青田
Kaihua
開化
Jiangshan
江山
Changshan
常山
Shangrao
上饒
Guangfeng
廣豐
Yushan
玉山
Oujiang
甌江
Wenzhou
溫州
Yongjia
永嘉
Rui’an
瑞安
Pingyang
平陽
Cangnan
蒼南

Finals

Vowels in Wu languages have very large variation, though they all have one thing in common, and that is that they have lots of them. The following chart compares digraphs commonly found in Wu languages

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