濁

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See also: 浊
濁 U+6FC1, 濁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FC1
← 激
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 濂 →

Translingual

Han character

濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 36127, composition ⿰氵蜀)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6FC1

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濁
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
襡 *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣 *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣 *toːɡs
歜 *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀 *rtoːɡ
孎 *rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁 *rdoːɡ
鐲 *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀 *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉 *sʰroːɡ
獨 *doːɡ
髑 *doːɡ
韣 *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸 *toɡ
钃 *toɡ
欘 *toɡ
躅 *doɡ
蠋 *doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭 *tjoɡ
囑 *tjoɡ
矚 *tjoɡ
屬 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾 *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸 *tʰjoɡ
臅 *tʰjoɡ
觕 *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀 *djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rdoːɡ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Etymology 1

trad. 濁
simp. 浊

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ta̍k - vernacular (“nutritious but irritating”);
  • cho̍k - literary (“muddy; chaotic; deep and thick; mixed and disorderly; dense”).
Rime
Character 濁
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 覺 (10)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 直角切
Baxter draewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖˠʌk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖᵚɔk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡɔk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖaɨwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ȡɔk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ȡɔk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱɔk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhuó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zok6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 濁
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhuó
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dræwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*rok/
English muddy

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 濁
Reading # 1/1
No. 11813
Phonetic
component 		蜀
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		濁
Old
Chinese 		/*rdoːɡ/

Definitions

濁

  1. muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
  2. chaotic; disorderly
  3. (of voice) deep and thick
  4. (phonetics, of consonants) voiced
  5. (Cantonese) to choke; to gag
  6. (Mainland China Hokkien) miscellaneous and in a jumble; mixed and disorderly
  7. (Mainland China Hokkien, of food) nutritious but irritating causing sores or causing the start, reoccurrence, or change of an illness
  8. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick; dense; strong (of flavor, etc.)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 渾
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 渾
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 溷
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 渾
Wuhan 渾
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 渾
Hefei 渾
Cantonese Guangzhou 濁
Hong Kong 濁
Yangjiang 濁
Gan Nanchang 渾
Hakka Meixian 渾
Jin Taiyuan 溷
Northern Min Jian'ou 渾, 濁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 渾
Southern Min Xiamen 醪, 醪濁
Zhangzhou 醪
Chaozhou 醪
Haikou 醪
Wu Suzhou 渾
Wenzhou 渾
Xiang Changsha 渾
Shuangfeng 渾
  • (to choke): 嗆／呛 (qiāng)

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 濁
simp. 浊

Pronunciation

Definitions

濁

  1. (Southern Min) alternative form of 醪 (“murky; muddy; turbid; unclear”)

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

浊

Print
standard

濁

Kanji

濁

(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 浊)

  1. muddy
  2. (phonetics) voiced consonant

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC draewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

濁 (eumhun 흐릴 탁 (heuril tak))

  1. hanja form? of 탁 (“muddy, cloudy”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc

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