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Greek nouns. 2018.11.22.
plural
no plural
Holton
User:Sarri.greek/ref#Holton Comprehensive Grammar. See
- 2.2.2. Nouns in -η with plural -ες
- 2.2.6. Nouns in -ω
Iordanidou
Iordanidou Notes
- page 9: Αριθμός (Number). I translate: In modern greek singular and plural numbers basically express the antithesis of the μονάδα to the πλήθος, speaking of countable έμψυχα and άψυχα. Other έννοιες associated to the declaration of number:
- a) Singular may express the sum or the σύνολο (e.g. το πλήθος (), ο κόσμος (), η φτωχολογιά).
- b) The singular may refer to a specific element or part (e.g. ρούχο) juxtaposed to the σύνολο (e.g. ρούχα).
- c) The singular may refer to a υλική ουσία (material substance) or object from it (e.g. πέτρα stone) or a specified quantity (e.g. ψωμί, ένα ψωμί bread, one bread), while the plural may have only the second sense (πέτρες, ψωμιά).
- d) The singular may express έννοια (sense), ιδιότητα (property) etc (e.g. ευγένεια) and the plural the deeds characterized by a specific property (e.g. ευγένειες).
- e) The plural may declare επίταση (emphasizing) (πείνες, φτώχειες).
- For noun that are usually used only or chiefly in singular or in plural see Grammar pages 78-79
Triantafyllidis
User:Sarri.greek/ref#Triantafyllidis Grammar. See pages 78-79. Fourth Chapter. The number of Nouns. Note the repeated verb συνηθίζονται: usually used. This means, that the rule is not strict. I translate here, with his emphasis, and style. The 1967 edition of his grammar was in polytonic. Here in monotonic, as in the pdf downloaded:
- 120. Many nouns συνηθίζονται only at one number, or chiefly at one (number)
- 1. Συνηθίζονται only or chiefly in singular nouns which mean έννοιες unique. Such as:
- a) Some συγκεκριμένα (specific), many περιληπτικά () and many abstracts. αστροφεγγιά, οικουμένη, παράδεισος, χριστιανισμός - συγγενολόγι - ξενιτιά, άνθισμα, δικαιοσύνη, πίστη
- But frequently the abstarcts do form a plural: ας λείπουν οι πολλές ευγένειες
- b) Names of elements, metals, ορυκτά: υδρογόνο, οξυγόνο, ασήμι, ράδιο, κοκκινόχωμα
- P r o p e r n a m e s συνηθίζονται in singular. So:
- A) The names of certain f e a s t-d a y s: Λαμπρή, Πεντηκοστή
- B) Most t o p o n y m s (place names): Σπάρτη, Μακεδονία, Ιλισός
- Toponyms with plurals:
- a) when it happens that there are more than one such toponyms: η Ελλάδα έχει δυο Πηνειούς και πέντε Ολύμπους.
- b) when they are used figuratively: Εξαντλήθηκαν οι Πακτωλοί.
- C) N a m e s o f p e o p l e. They also form plural when we are speaking of people with the same name. οι Παλαμάδες, οι Υψηλάντηδες.
- 2. Συνηθίζονται only or chiefly in plural:
- A) Many common names: άμφια, βαφτίσια, γένια, γεράματα, εγκαίνια, έγκατα (της γης), εννιάμερα, κάλαντα, μάγια, μεσάνυχτα, περίχωρα, πολεμοφόδια, σωθικά, τρεχάματα, χαιρετίσματα.
- Also here included
- a) Περιληπτικά like: ασημικά, γυαλικά, ζυμαρικά, χορταρικά \my note: but we CAN have a singular here\
- b) Words which mean two objects: τα γυαλιά, τα κιάλια, or παρατακτικά compounds: γυναικόπαιδα, αμπελοχώραφα.
- c) The ones which mean wages for some kind of work: βαρκαριάτικα \my note: this is a dated word\, κόμιστρα, ψηστικά.
- d) The ones which mean a language: αρβανίτικα, ελληνικά, γαλλικά.
- B) From the p r o p e r n a m e s:
- a) Names of f e a s t-d a y s: Χριστούγεννα, Φώτα, Νικολοβάρβαρα \ho! this is a dated word, nice one!\ Παναθήναια.
- b) T o p o n y m s: Σέρρες, Σπέτσες, Σφακιά, Χανιά, Δελφοί, Άγραφα, Καλάβρυτα, Ουράλια, Πυρηναία.
genitive
no genitive
schoolgrammar
Hatzisavvidis, Grammar.
Here are the rules for NO-GENITIVE at the official schoolgrammar for ages 13-15 (Gymnasium level) by Hatzisavvidis. I translate (emphasis with bold, capitals is mine) from the page Nouns
- SOME fem imparisyllabic -α have a dysfunctional (δύσχρηστη) genitive plural: δίψα, δίαιτα, δουλειά, ομορφιά, όπερα, ορφάνια, ράτσα, ρόκα, σαπίλα, σκοτούρα, and others
- parisyllabic fem -η, plural -ες like χάρη . ζέστη, ζάχαρη (pl. = ζάχαρες, when speaking about sugar cubes). According to χάρη: βρύση, ζέστη, κόρη, λάσπη, μέθη, μέση, στάνη, στρώση, τόλμη, etc
- diminutive parisyllabic -ι: Diminutives -άκι and -ούλι do not form genitive singular or plural. [my note: not ANY -ούλι word. e.g. μαρούλι, των μαρουλιών, is NOT diminutive. It HAS to be diminutive. See the different clitic code O44 with all cases and O44a without genitive plural at DSMG *ούλι (table here
- imparisyllabic neuters -ιμο like γράψιμο, του γραψίματος, των γραψιμάτων. Genitive plural and both vocatives are not used frequently.
- the irregular 'idioclitic' imparisyllabic -ρ το ήπαρ (των ηπάτων), το πυρ. Genitive plural for ήπαρ and the vocatives of both nouns are not εύχρηστες=easy-to-use in speech.
Holton
Hotlon as in User:Sarri.greek/ref#Holton Comprehensive Grammar. No genitive at nouns:
- 2.2.3. Nouns in -ι (the -άκι, -ούλι diminutives e.g. παιδιάκι 'little boy', have no gen. froms, singular or plural.
- 2.4.6. Nouns in -ιμο The genitive plural of these nouns is found infrequently.
- 2.4.7. Other neuter nouns in -ς. One other neuter nound ending in -ας constitutes a special case: σέβας 'respect', pl. σέβη, exists only in these forms, for the nom. and acc. sg. and pl. (it has no gen. forms).
- 2.4.8. Other neuter nouns ending in vowel.s The noun γάλα 'milk' ... The gen.pl. of this noun is not used.
- (at 2.4.10 he does not comment on the gen.pl. of ήπαρ)
Iordanidou
Iordanidou Notes
- page 9: Για τις ιδιόμορφες περιπτώσεις κλίσης βλέπε Γραμματική, σελ. 101-105, και για την κλίση των επιθέτων, που ακολουθεί εκείνη των ουσιαστικών με αντίστοιχες καταλήξεις, βλέπε Γραμματική, σελ. 106-115.
notes
My nouns without genitive plural
- obviously those which do not have pluarl at all
- άμυνα
- το ταξί indeclinable, or with hellinized endings, τα ταξιά But no genitive του ταξιού, των ταξιών
- the nouns with double plurals: grammars state the second pl, but say nothing about its genitive e.g. ο βράχος οι βράχοι (των βράχων) - τα βράχια (no comment on genitive). ο λόγος, οι λόγοι (των λόγων) - τα λόγια (no comment).
έων
2018.11.20. no των χειλών.
Hatzisavvidis Χατζησαββίδης, schoolgrammar for ages 13-15
Nouns