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Verbs
Criteria for grouping Modern Greek verbs
Also see other types of groups
4 stems produce all verb forms. The stems
Here marked bold is their characteristic sound.
Legend
Characteristic last consonant of stems, in phonetic alphabet are: IPA(key):
The orders by characteristic last consonant are:
The nu verbs acquired this -ν- in many ways[2] and from many groups.
{{R:Jordanidou 2004}} codes i.27+28
Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'διαψεύδω' -εύδω-ευσα-εύσθηκα-ευσμένος
i.128+129
Other
only passive:
| The verbs -δω, -δομαι ancient verbs |
(-δω, -σα, -θηκα, -μένος) Learned verbs. The colloquial equivalent is δίνω
List of verbs
The bisyllabics of this group (with augment) is
About compounds:
i.131+132
User:Sarri.greek/verbs/go still under construction
| The verbs -χω, -χομαι |
(Also see -χνω verbs)
(-χομαι, -χτηκα, -χθηκα, (-γμένος)
List of verbs
About passive stem χτ - χθ:
About extra formal types:
i.31+32
irregulars -χω
| The verbs -λλω, -λλομαι / and -λω |
With 2 λλ
With 1 λ, irregulars:
With 2 λλ
Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'θάλλω' stems θαλλ-, θαλ-
Rare, ancient verbs.
User:Sarri.greek/verbs/lo - Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'αγγέλλω'
στέλλω compounds stems στελ-, σταλ- like αποστέλλω, απέστειλα - αποστέλλομαι, {απεστάλην} & {απεσταλμένος} (with aoristB)
i.85+91
(βάλλω, έβαλα, βλήθηκα, -βλημένος)
List of verbs
βάλλω stems βαλ- βλη- Category:Greek verbs conjugating like 'βάλλω'
About augments: all with internal augment, except
i.146+147
Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ψάλλω' stems ψαλλ-, ψαλθ- & ψαλ- aoristΒ
ψάλλωψέλνω, έψαλα - ψάλλομαι, ψάλθηκα/{εψάλην} & ψαλμένος
User:Sarri.greek/verbs/ro ΕΚΚΡΕΜΕΙ
Irregulars
See at .
Irregulars:
(-μω-σα-στηκα-σμένος) =
-{νέμω}: -ένειμα-ένειμα-νείμω -νέμομαι-νεμήθηκα-νεμημένος
OK
PLUS:
2nd Categories
Template:el-conjug-sub5/Table
Category:Greek 2nd conjugation verbs by inflection type - Category:Greek 2nd conjugation groups
2nd Class A1 -άω/ώ-άς-ά/άει, passive -ιέμαι. Imperfect -ούσα / -αγα, or only -ούσα.
| The 2nd A1 verbs -άω/-ώ, -άς, -ά... passive -ιέμαι |
Also, characteristic active imperfect with two forms: in -ούσα & -αγα.
-άω/ώ-άς...
Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'κοιτάω-κοιτώ' αξ-άχτ-αγ -άω.-ώ, (-ούσα/-αγα), -αξα * -ιέμαι, -άχτηκα & -αγμένος
i.64+65
List of verbs
ν+άω/ώ ασ-άστ-ασ -άω.-ώ, (-ούσα/-αγα), -ασα, -ιέμαι, -άστηκα & -ασμένος
List of verbs
And see: without v (n) Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'γελάω-γελώ'
i68+69 περνάω with n
ησ-ηθ-η -άω.-ώ, -άω/-ώ, (-ούσα/-αγα), -ησα * -ιέμαι, -ήθηκα & -ημένος)
List of verbs
i.58+59
Exceptions:
!! αγαπάω-ώ verbs where -ώ is not used (taken off the conjugation table:
List of verbs
Verbs with parallel form -ίζω, which gives the -ισμένος participle:
List of verbs
i.66+67
i.70.173 = ίζω (ορίζω) 1st. zo
About past (perfective) imperatives:
i.58+59 & 66.
| The 2nd A2 verbs -ώ, -άς, -ά... passive -ώμαι |
2nd Class A2 -ώ-άς-ά, passive -ώμαι imperfect only -ούσα
-ασ-άστ-ασ ??+άω??, ΝΟάω??
i.70+71 ανακλώ
-ησ-ήθ-η- Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ανακτώ'
About internatl augments
i.60+61 ανακτώ / infix ησ2 at {{el-conjug-2nd-A2}} /
Class A combinations
2nd-A1-A2 = -ώ + άω only s1, passive -ώμαι
2nd-A1-Α1A2 = -άω/ώ, passive -ιέμαι / -ώμαι
its reverse???:
2nd-A1-A2A1 = -άω/ώ, passive -ώμαι, -ιέμαι
2nd-A1r-A2Α1 = -ώ/-άω (-ώ more frequent), passive -ώμαι / -ιέμαι
A1 Reversed sequence of -άω/-ώ to ώ/-άω (-ώ more frequent) like αναγεννώ, perhaps κυβερνώ etc
2nd-A2-A2A1 = -ώ (no -άω), passive -ώμαι / -ιέμαι (colloquial) Category:Greek verbs conjugating like 'εξαρτώ'
2nd-A2 with A1 only colloquially
2nd Class B Present endings: -ώ, -είς, -εί, -ούμε, -είτε-, -ούν, passive: -ούμαι, -είσα, -είτε, -ούμαστε, -είστε, -ούνται
| Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ασκώ', άσκ-ησ-α, ασκ-ήθ-ηκα & ασκ-η-μένος |
Present endings: -ώ, -είς, -εί, ... Interfix: -ησ-, -ηθ-. This group includes verbs with
-ώ, -είς...ησ-ηθ-η Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ασκώ'
ασκώ, άσκησα, ασκούμαι, ασκήθηκα & ασκημένος
List of verbs
i.73+74
Variants:
-ώ, -είς...ησ-ηθ-η Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ποιώ' - ποιώ
The active, like 'ασκώ'. The passive, imperfect -ούμουν plus -όμουν
i.73+75
| Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'αδικώ', αδίκ-ησ-α - αδικ-ούμαι/αδικιέμαι, αδικ-ήθ-ηκα & αδικ-η-μένος |
Present endings: -ώ, -είς, -εί, ... Interfix: -ησ-, -ηθ-. This group includes verbs with
List of verbs
| Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ευχαριστώ', ευχαρίστ-ησ-α - ευχαριστιέμαι/ευχαριστούμαι, ευχαριστ-ήθ-ηκα & ευχαριστ-η-μένος |
Present endings: -ώ, -είς, -εί, ... Interfix: -ησ-, -ηθ-. This group includes verbs with
List of verbs
εσ-εστ-εσ Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'τελώ' - τελώ)
i.76+78
εσ-εθ-ε Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'διαιρώ' - διαιρώ)
i.76+77
καλεσ-καλεστ-κληθ Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'καλώ' - καλώ)
About
i.76+163 (at 164 no προκαλέσου imperative)
Category:Greek 2nd conjugation combinations
Class A (2A) -άω/ώ, -άς, -ά, ... present endings combined with Class B (2B) -ώ, -είς, -εί, ... present endings
Verb A1 (act+pass) with dated A2 (-ώ-είς-εί..) active present forms: πατάω.πατώ
Mixed Class A + Class B Doube Class Α-άω/ώ, -άς, -άς... & Β -ώ, -είς, -εί
| Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'ζητάω-ζητώ' |
These verbs conjugate as 2nd Conjugation Class A1 (with -α, -ιέμαι endings) and as Class B (with -είς, -ούμαι endings)
-άω/-ώ, -ούσα/-αγα, -ησα, passive -ιέμαι, -ήθηκα & -ημένος plus -ώ, -είς, εί..., passive -ούμαι
Also see variant widh different participle in ισμένος at #group αγρυπνώ i.58.73+59.74
| κληρονομώ/κληρονομάω - κληρονομούμαι/κληρονομιέμαι (ησ 73.58+74.59) |
These verbs conjugate as 2nd Conjugation Class B (with -είς, -ούμαι endings) and colloquially as Class A1 (with -α, -ιέμαι endings).
Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'αγρυπνώ' ?????????? act+pass + ισμένος???
Like #group 'ζητάω-ζητώ' but with different participle: -ισμένος
παρακαλώ (76.62 εσ + 78, 163 καλούμαι)
Combinations 2nd B + A passive
??
-ώ / -άω/-ώ, passive -ιέμαι (act: 2nd Class B, A, passive: 2nd Class A)
deponent verbs (only passive voice)
i.79
verb λυπώ, λύπησα, λυπάμαι / λυπούμαι, λυπήθηκα & λυπημένος (active B + passive C)
Class 1 with two variant endings: -άω / -ώ.
Lemma is the -άω or the -ώ form?
In Modern Greek the sequence of the two 2nd conjugation verb endings -άω or -ώ may be
These nuances are described at Alternative forms section. cf. (γελάω#Alternative_forms_2)
Printed dictionaries traditionarlly lemmatize the -ώ variant, as it was the older one. But for demotic verbs, they lemmatize the -άω variant first (see Topics: -άω).
In en.wiktionary the conjugation is presented at -άω, unless -ώ takes precedence.
Their etymology: e.g. for γελάω / γελώ
«With ending -άω to γελώ (geló) in the pattern of 3rd person -άει. From Ancient Greek γελῶ (gelô), contracted form of γελάω (geláō).»
Note, that the -ώ ending is NOT a contraction of -άω as it happened in ancient verbs.
The chronological sequence is:
Holton (Comprehensive Grammar) chooses -ώ-άω.
Anna Iordanidou[3] indexes 1st Class verbs as -άω/-ώ for Modern Greek. She adds specific notes like (σπάνιο (rare) or δεν συνηθίζεται (it is not 'done', it is not used) which is stronger than rare.
DSMG[4] like most dictionaries lemmatizes -ώ. But its example-phrases are mostly of the -άω variant. Notable exceptions for very informal verbs:
α...ω (alphabetically) -also their compounds- (Category:Greek irregular verbs) [5]
User:Sarri.greek/verbs/vowel_stems#Irregular_with_contracted_present
Category:Greek irregular verbs with short dependent
With monosyllabic active dependent in compounds: oxytone: the stress is at last syllable (templates needed)
They also have other irregularities. They are:
| # | present | dependent | past | passive | p-dependent | p-past | ppp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01) | ..-{βαίνω} | ..-βω | -έβηκα{-έβην} | ..-βαίνομαι | .. | ..{-εβάθην} | ..{-βεβασμένος} |
| 01.-) | ανεβαίνω | ανεβώ | ανέβηκα | .. | .. | .. | ανεβασμένος |
| 01.-) | διαβαίνω | διαβώ | διάβηκα | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 01.-) | συμβαίνει only 3rd | συμβεί | συνέβη(κε) | .. | .. | .. | .. |
| 02) | βγαίνω | βγω | βγήκα | .. | βγαλθώ | βγάλθηκα | βγαλμένος |
| 03) | βλέπω | δω | είδα | βλέπομαι | ειδωθώ | ειδώθηκα | ιδωμένος |
| 04) | βρίσκω | βρω | βρήκα | βρίσκομαι | βρεθώ | βρέθηκα | .. |
| 05) | .. | .. | .. | έρχομαι | 'ρθώ & έρθω | ήρθα/ήλθα | .. |
| 06) | λέω & λέγω | πω | είπα | λέγομαι | ειπωθώ | ειπώθηκα/λέχθηκα | ειπωμένος |
| 07) | μπαίνω < {ἐμβαίνω} | μπω | μπήκα | .. | .. | .. | μπασμένος |
| 08) | πίνω | πιω | ήπια | πίνομαι | (πιωθώ) | (πιώθηκα) | πιωμένος |
| 09) | συγχαίρω {χαίρω} | συγχαρώ | {συνεχάρην}/συγχάρηκα | ..{-ομαι} | ..{-χαρώ} | ..{-εχάρην} | ..{κεχαρμένος} |
and their compounds.
Imperatives apocopic active 2nd forms + weak pronouns: never for formal or ancient verbs.
DOUBLE conjugations
Double conjugation full:
Double conjugation at passive:
DOUBLE forms for tenses of past time (imperfect, past/aorist):
Verbs with plus stem from the ancient aorist beta (second aorist). In Modern Greek, the 3rd persons (singular: -η, plural: -ησαν) are used. More forms may be included in the conjugation tables for reference.
Similar imperfect & past active:
-...
imperfect = aorist
augment η- for imperfect = aorist
stress shift imperfect = aorist
Notes on pronunciation of participles ending in:
-σμένος About pronunciation of the participle:
-υσμένος About pronunciation of the participle:
From the ROOT, we have 4 stems: of present, past active, past passive and passive perfect participle.
The character is the characteristic last consonant of the stem.
The sequence of the stems, their character bold:
ACTIVE: 1:of present, 2:of past - PASSIVE: repeated active present stem, 3:of passive past & 4:of passive perfect participle
In active past, a stress shift. If the verb is bisyllabic, the augment ε- is added (λύ-ν-ω, έ-λυ-σ-α) serving as an extra syllable for the shifted stress.
ft (φτ) or the more formal fθ (φθ) (a matter of style and ancient origin of the verb)
With 2 stem-grades at passive past
Plus 2 stems at passive past
With 2 stem-grades at passive past
with 2 stems:
irregular
επικράτεια|domain - el