χαίρω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʰəřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-. The iota in the progressive forms (present system) is a reflex of the *y marker for the present tense added onto the root χαρ- (khar-). [1]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

χαίρω • (khaírō)

  1. to be full of cheer, i.e. calmly happy or well off
  2. to enjoy
  3. (perfect) to be very glad; to enjoy a great deal
    • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 764–766:
      σὺ δ’ οὖν, ἐπειδὴ τοῦτο κεχάρηκας ποιῶν,
      ἐκεῖσε μὲν μηκέτι βάδιζ’, ἀλλ’ ἐνθάδε
      αὐτοῦ μένων δίκαζε τοῖσιν οἰκέταις.
      sù d’ oûn, epeidḕ toûto kekhárēkas poiôn,
      ekeîse mèn mēkéti bádiz’, all’ entháde
      autoû ménōn díkaze toîsin oikétais.
      Very well then, since you find so much pleasure in it,
      go down there no more, but stay
      here and deal out justice to your slaves.
  4. (on meeting or parting, as an imperative) Be well; farewell, be glad, God speed, greetings, hail, joy(‐fully), rejoice (as a salutation)

Inflection

In addition to the forms shown below, there are reduplicated forms used in Homer: κεχάνδει, κεχανδότα, κεχαρηότα, κεχαρησέμεν, κεχαρήσεται, κεχαρισμένα, κεχαρισμένε, κεχαρισμένος, κεχάριστο, κεχαροίατο, κεχάροιτο, κεχάροντο.

   Present: χαίρω, χαίρομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative χαίρω χαίρεις χαίρει χαίρετον χαίρετον χαίρομεν χαίρετε χαίρουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive χαίρω χαίρῃς χαίρῃ χαίρητον χαίρητον χαίρωμεν χαίρητε χαίρωσῐ(ν)
optative χαίροιμῐ χαίροις χαίροι χαίροιτον χαιροίτην χαίροιμεν χαίροιτε χαίροιεν
imperative   χαῖρε χαιρέτω χαίρετον χαιρέτων   χαίρετε χαιρόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative χαίρομαι χαίρῃ,
χαίρει 		χαίρεται χαίρεσθον χαίρεσθον χαιρόμεθᾰ χαίρεσθε χαίρονται
subjunctive χαίρωμαι χαίρῃ χαίρηται χαίρησθον χαίρησθον χαιρώμεθᾰ χαίρησθε χαίρωνται
optative χαιροίμην χαίροιο χαίροιτο χαίροισθον χαιροίσθην χαιροίμεθᾰ χαίροισθε χαίροιντο
imperative   χαίρου χαιρέσθω χαίρεσθον χαιρέσθων   χαίρεσθε χαιρέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive χαίρειν χαίρεσθαι
participle m χαίρων χαιρόμενος
f χαίρουσᾰ χαιρομένη
n χαῖρον χαιρόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔχαιρον, ἐχαιρόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔχαιρον ἔχαιρες ἔχαιρε(ν) ἐχαίρετον ἐχαιρέτην ἐχαίρομεν ἐχαίρετε ἔχαιρον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐχαιρόμην ἐχαίρου ἐχαίρετο ἐχαίρεσθον ἐχαιρέσθην ἐχαιρόμεθᾰ ἐχαίρεσθε ἐχαίροντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐχαίρησᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐχαίρησᾰ ἐχαίρησᾰς ἐχαίρησε(ν) ἐχαιρήσᾰτον ἐχαιρησᾰ́την ἐχαιρήσᾰμεν ἐχαιρήσᾰτε ἐχαίρησᾰν
subjunctive χαιρήσω χαιρήσῃς χαιρήσῃ χαιρήσητον χαιρήσητον χαιρήσωμεν χαιρήσητε χαιρήσωσῐ(ν)
optative χαιρήσαιμῐ χαιρήσειᾰς,
χαιρήσαις 		χαιρήσειε(ν),
χαιρήσαι 		χαιρήσαιτον χαιρησαίτην χαιρήσαιμεν χαιρήσαιτε χαιρήσειᾰν,
χαιρήσαιεν
imperative   χαίρησον χαιρησᾰ́τω χαιρήσᾰτον χαιρησᾰ́των   χαιρήσᾰτε χαιρησᾰ́ντων
active
infinitive χαιρῆσαι
participle m χαιρήσᾱς
f χαιρήσᾱσᾰ
n χαιρῆσᾰν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: χηρᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative χηρᾰ́μην χήρᾰο χήρᾰτο χήρᾰσθον χηρᾰ́σθην χηρᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ χήρᾰσθε χήρᾰντο
subjunctive χήρωμαι χήρηαι χήρηται χήρησθον χήρησθον χηρώμε(σ)θᾰ χήρησθε χήρωνται
optative χηραίμην χήραιο χήραιτο χήραισθον χηραίσθην χηραίμε(σ)θᾰ χήραισθε χηραίᾰτο
imperative   χῆραι χηρᾰ́σθω χήρᾰσθον χηρᾰ́σθων   χήρᾰσθε χηρᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive χήρᾰσθαι
participle m χηρᾰ́μενος
f χηρᾰμένη
n χηρᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐχᾰ́ρην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἐχᾰ́ρην ἐχᾰ́ρης ἐχᾰ́ρη ἐχᾰ́ρητον ἐχᾰρήτην ἐχᾰ́ρημεν ἐχᾰ́ρητε ἐχᾰ́ρησᾰν
subjunctive χᾰρῶ χᾰρῇς χᾰρῇ χᾰρῆτον χᾰρῆτον χᾰρῶμεν χᾰρῆτε χᾰρῶσῐ(ν)
optative χᾰρείην χᾰρείης χᾰρείη χᾰρεῖτον,
χᾰρείητον 		χᾰρείτην,
χᾰρειήτην 		χᾰρεῖμεν,
χᾰρείημεν 		χᾰρεῖτε,
χᾰρείητε 		χᾰρεῖεν,
χᾰρείησᾰν
imperative   χᾰ́ρηθῐ χᾰρήτω χᾰ́ρητον χᾰρήτων   χᾰ́ρητε χᾰρέντων
passive
infinitive χᾰρῆναι
participle m χᾰρείς
f χᾰρεῖσᾰ
n χᾰρέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: χαιρήσω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative χαιρήσω χαιρήσεις χαιρήσει χαιρήσετον χαιρήσετον χαιρήσομεν χαιρήσετε χαιρήσουσῐ(ν)
optative χαιρήσοιμῐ χαιρήσοις χαιρήσοι χαιρήσοιτον χαιρησοίτην χαιρήσοιμεν χαιρήσοιτε χαιρήσοιεν
active
infinitive χαιρήσειν
participle m χαιρήσων
f χαιρήσουσᾰ
n χαιρῆσον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: κεχᾰ́ρηκᾰ
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative κεχᾰ́ρηκᾰ κεχᾰ́ρηκᾰς κεχᾰ́ρηκε(ν) κεχᾰρήκᾰτον κεχᾰρήκᾰτον κεχᾰρήκᾰμεν κεχᾰρήκᾰτε κεχᾰρήκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive κεχᾰρήκω κεχᾰρήκῃς κεχᾰρήκῃ κεχᾰρήκητον κεχᾰρήκητον κεχᾰρήκωμεν κεχᾰρήκητε κεχᾰρήκωσῐ(ν)
optative κεχᾰρήκοιμῐ,
κεχᾰρηκοίην 		κεχᾰρήκοις,
κεχᾰρηκοίης 		κεχᾰρήκοι,
κεχᾰρηκοίη 		κεχᾰρήκοιτον κεχᾰρηκοίτην κεχᾰρήκοιμεν κεχᾰρήκοιτε κεχᾰρήκοιεν
imperative   κεχᾰ́ρηκε κεχᾰρηκέτω κεχᾰρήκετον κεχᾰρηκέτων   κεχᾰρήκετε κεχᾰρηκόντων
active
infinitive κεχᾰρηκέναι
participle m κεχᾰρηκώς
f κεχᾰρηκυῖᾰ
n κεχᾰρηκός
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Compounds of χαίρω:

Other derivatives:

And their derived terms:

Descendants

  • Greek: χαίρω (chaíro)

References

  1. ^ See “The I Class”, p. 201-227 sections 292-330 in Curtius, Georg. The Greek Verb: Its Structure and Development. Translated by Augustus S Wilkins and E. B England. London: J. Murray, 1880

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χαίρω.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈçe.ro/
  • Hyphenation: χαί‧ρω

Verb

χαίρω • (chaíro) (past —) (largely found in the expressions shown)

  1. to be happy, be glad
    Χαίρε Μαρία ― Chaíre María ― Hail Mary
    χαίρετε ― chaírete ― hi, hello, greetings
    χαίρω πολύ ― chaíro polý ― pleased to meet you
    χαίρω καλής φήμης ― chaíro kalís fímis ― have a good reputation
    χαίρω μεγάλης εκτιμήσεως ― chaíro megális ektimíseos ― to hold in high esteem
    χαίρω άκρας υγείας ― chaíro ákras ygeías ― to enjoy good health
    χάρηκα πολύ ― chárika polý ― pleased to have met you

Conjugation

χαίρω   (active forms only imperfective)
Active voice ➤   —   Imperfective aspect ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Present ➤ Imperfect ➤ Future ➤
1 sg χαίρω  (χαίρομαι →) έχαιρα θα χαίρω
2 sg χαίρεις έχαιρες θα χαίρεις
3 sg χαίρει έχαιρε θα χαίρει
1 pl χαίρουμε, χαίρομε χαίραμε θα χαίρουμε, χαίρομε
2 pl χαίρετε χαίρατε θα χαίρετε
3 pl χαίρουν, [χαίρουνε] έχαιραν, [χαίραν, χαίρανε] χαίρουν, [χαίρουνε]
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ 2 sg 2 pl
Imperfective aspect χαίρε χαίρετε
Other forms Present participle ➤
χαίροντας ➤
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs 		 1. This is a formal verb, where informal colloquial endings are less likely to occur.
 2. Other tenses are provided by χαίρομαι.
 • (…) optional or informal.   rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Synonyms

  • χαίρομαι (chaíromai) (a deponent verb, morphologically passive form of χαίρω)

Derived terms

And their derived terms:

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia