bardo

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See also: Bardo and bardò

English

Etymology

Folios 35 and 67 of a manuscript of the Bardo Thodol (Liberation through Hearing during the Intermediate State), often known in the West as the Tibetan Book of the Dead. The text is intended as a guide through the after-death experiences that a person’s consciousness has in the bardo.

Borrowed from Tibetan བར་དོ (bar do), from བར (bar, interval) + དོ (do, two), in the sense of an interval between two states.

Pronunciation

Noun

bardo (plural bardos)

  1. (Tibetan Buddhism) The state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation.
    • 1863, Emil Schlagintweit, “Details Characteristic of the Religion of the People”, in Buddhism in Tibet: Illustrated by Literary Documents and Objects of Religious Worship. With an Account of the Buddhist Systems Preceding It in India. With a Folio Atlas of Twenty Plates and Twenty Tables of Native Print in the Text, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus; London: Trübner & Co., →OCLC, page 109:
      According to the belief of the Tibetans, that is considered an untimely death, which, in opposition to the ordinary course of nature, is accelerated by evil spirits, such as Sringan, Dechad, Jungpo, and others. As a consequence of premature decease, the "Bardo," is prolongated. This is the middle state between the death and the new re-birth, which does not follow immediately, but there exists an interval, which is shorter for the good than for the bad. The prolongation of this intermediate state is considered as a punishment caused by evil spirits who have only power over sinful men.
    • 1996, Victoria LePage, “The Perfection of the Shortest Path”, in Shambhala: The Fascinating Truth behind the Myth of Shangri-La, 1st Quest edition, Wheaton, Ill.: The Theosophical Publishing House, →ISBN, page 95:
      The soul's gradual progress to God in terms of a spiralling pathway up the side of the cosmic mountain, from one spiritual station to the next, is an image common to almost all of the world's mystical systems; but few mention the direct path from the base of the mountain straight up to the summit. Even the Bardo Thodol mentions the direct path only once, and then glancingly, confining itself solely to a description of the soul's circuitous afterlife journey through the heaven-worlds. The shortcut for heroes that bypasses the heaven-worlds or bardos and takes them straight to the divine world—in one lifetime, so it is said—is so well guarded in religious literature that the relevant Tibetan Buddhist texts are written in the "twilight language," a cipher that can be understood only with the help of revelation.
    • 1998, Susanne Paolo, “Prologue”, in Bardo (The Brittingham Prize in Poetry), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page xiii:
      The bardo in Tibetan means an intermediate state, most specifically the one after death when your soul wanders through the heavens and hell, trying to avoid rebirth into samsara—the realm of the material—and achieve nirvana or Buddhahood. Like everything the bardo journey takes place both inside you and outside. Like everything it's both a metaphor and not. I was born in the fifties in a nation suspended in the bardo state between a war a decade over and the hellsmoke light of a new war pulling in the East.
    • 2013, Sogyal Rinpoche, “The Near-Death Experience”, in Lee W. Bailey, Jenny Yates, editors, The Near-Death Experience: A Reader, Routledge, →ISBN, page 173:
      Some writers have suggested the near-death experience expresses the stages of the dissolution process in the bardo of dying. It is premature, I feel, to try to link the near-death experience too precisely with the bardo descriptions,
    • 2014, C. J. Cala, “Babble On”, in Four Different Faces, : C. J. Cala, →ISBN, page 151:
      Possessing both omniprescence and omniscience, they now stared beyond the abyss of astral space—beyond the six bardos of Tibetan Buddhism—spreading their karmic seeds across the infinite coordinates of the cosmological Minkowski continuum.
    • 2015, Evan Thompson, “Dying: What Happens when We Die?”, in Waking, Dreaming, Being: Self and Consciousness in Neuroscience, Meditation, and Philosophy, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 292:
      "Bardo," as noted, means in-between state. So whenever we're in between two states, no matter what the scale, we're in a bardo state. These two states could be living and dying or being awake and being asleep, but they could also be the just-past moment of thought and the moment to come. Thus "bardo" includes the gap between the cessation of one moment of thought and the arising of the next moment.
    • 2015 January, Jan Jarboe Russell, “The All-American Camp”, in The Train to Crystal City: FDR’s Secret Prisoner Exchange Program and America’s only Family Internment Camp during World War II, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, →ISBN, page 233:
      For internees the war was experienced in exile. The Buddhists in Crystal City understood it as a bardo state—a provisional period between the lives before their confinement, and the dream of freedom after the war.

Translations

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Esperanto

Esperanto Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia eo

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin bardus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbardo/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: bar‧do

Noun

bardo (accusative singular bardon, plural bardoj, accusative plural bardojn)

  1. bard

Galician

Etymology 1

From Paleo-Hispanic, perhaps from Proto-Celtic *wradyos (compare Welsh gwraidd, "root")

Pronunciation

Noun

bardo m (plural bardos)

  1. hedge; fence
    Synonyms: barda, bardal, sebe

Etymology 2

From Irish bard.

Pronunciation

Noun

bardo m (plural bardos)

  1. poet (of a certain rank); bard
    Synonym: vate

References


Italian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbar.do/
  • Rhymes: -ardo
  • Hyphenation: bàr‧do

Etymology 1

From Latin bardus, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *bardos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerdʰh₁ós, derived from the root *gʷerH- (to praise).

Noun

bardo m (plural bardi)

  1. bard (ancient Celtic poet and singer)
  2. (by extension) poet
    Synonyms: aedo, cantore, poeta, rapsodo, (literary) vate
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

bardo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of bardare

Further reading

  • bardo in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adjective

bārdō

  1. dative/ablative singular masculine/neuter of bārdus

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

bardō m

  1. dative/ablative singular of bardus

References

  • "bardo", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • bardo”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bьrdo.

Noun

bardo n

  1. comb (in a loom)

Further reading

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bardo”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bardo”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bьrdo. First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /baːrdɔ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /bɒrdɔ/

Noun

bardo n

  1. reed, weaving comb
    • 1874-1891 , Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, , , volume XXIV, page 364:
      Perticam fullonis strvną knapska, bardv

Descendants

  • Polish: bardo, Bardo

References

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish bardo.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

bardo n

  1. (obsolete) reed, weaving comb
    Synonyms: grzebień tkacki, płocha, przybijaczka

Declension

Further reading

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bardus, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *bardos.

Pronunciation

 

Noun

bardo m (plural bardos)

  1. bard
    Synonyms: menestrel, escaldo, rapsodo, trovador, vate, músico, poeta, cantor

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin bardus, from Gaulish , from Proto-Celtic *bardos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbaɾdo/
  • Rhymes: -aɾdo
  • Syllabification: bar‧do

Noun

bardo m (plural bardos)

  1. bard
  2. conflict

Turkish

Etymology

From French bardot.

Noun

bardo (definite accusative bardoyu, plural bardolar)

  1. hinny (offspring of a male horse and a female donkey)

Declension

Declension of bardo
singular plural
nominative bardo bardolar
definite accusative bardoyu bardoları
dative bardoya bardolara
locative bardoda bardolarda
ablative bardodan bardolardan
genitive bardonun bardoların
Possessive forms
nominative
singular plural
1st singular bardom bardolarım
2nd singular bardon bardoların
3rd singular bardosu bardoları
1st plural bardomuz bardolarımız
2nd plural bardonuz bardolarınız
3rd plural bardoları bardoları
definite accusative
singular plural
1st singular bardomu bardolarımı
2nd singular bardonu bardolarını
3rd singular bardosunu bardolarını
1st plural bardomuzu bardolarımızı
2nd plural bardonuzu bardolarınızı
3rd plural bardolarını bardolarını
dative
singular plural
1st singular bardoma bardolarıma
2nd singular bardona bardolarına
3rd singular bardosuna bardolarına
1st plural bardomuza bardolarımıza
2nd plural bardonuza bardolarınıza
3rd plural bardolarına bardolarına
locative
singular plural
1st singular bardomda bardolarımda
2nd singular bardonda bardolarında
3rd singular bardosunda bardolarında
1st plural bardomuzda bardolarımızda
2nd plural bardonuzda bardolarınızda
3rd plural bardolarında bardolarında
ablative
singular plural
1st singular bardomdan bardolarımdan
2nd singular bardondan bardolarından
3rd singular bardosundan bardolarından
1st plural bardomuzdan bardolarımızdan
2nd plural bardonuzdan bardolarınızdan
3rd plural bardolarından bardolarından
genitive
singular plural
1st singular bardomun bardolarımın
2nd singular bardonun bardolarının
3rd singular bardosunun bardolarının
1st plural bardomuzun bardolarımızın
2nd plural bardonuzun bardolarınızın
3rd plural bardolarının bardolarının

See also

Further reading