chữ

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "chu"

Muong

Etymology

Cognate with Vietnamese chữ.

Pronunciation

Noun

chữ

  1. alphabet, writing system, script
    học chữ ― to learn how to read/write

References

  • Hà Quang Phùng (2012 September 6) “Tìm hiểu về ngữ pháp tiếng Mường (Thim hiếu wuê ngử pháp thiểng Mường) [Understanding Muong grammar]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎ (FlashPaper; overall work in Vietnamese and Muong), Thanh Sơn–Phú Thọ Province Continuing Education Center, archived from the original on 17 December 2013

Vietnamese

Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 字 (“letter, character, word”, SV: tự). Cognate with Muong chữ.

Pronunciation

Noun

(classifier con) chữ • (𡨸, 𫿰, 𡦂, 𡨹, 字, 宁, 楮, 𫳘)

  1. a letter or character
    chữ A ― the letter A
    chữ hoa/thường ― an uppercase/lowercase letter
    hình chữ thập ― a cross shape (literally, “a shape that resembles the Han character 十 (shí, literally “ten”)”)
    hình chữ nhật ― a rectangle (literally, “a shape that resembles the Han character 日 (literally “sun; day”)”)
    trên đầu chữ sắc có con dao
    beware of cunning beautiful women
    (literally, “there's a 刀 (dāo, literally “knife”) at the top of 色 (literally “womanly beauty”)”)
  2. (collective) a writing system; a script
    Synonym: văn tự
    biết chữ
    can write
    chữ Quốc ngữ ― Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet
    chữ Hán ― Han characters; Chinese characters
  3. handwriting (characteristic writing of a particular person)
    chữ viết rất đẹp ― very beautiful handwriting
    chữ như gà bới ― chicken scratch (illegible handwriting)
    chữ bác sĩ ― a doctor's handwriting
  4. (informal) syllable, especially written and considered for "word" counts; compare từ (lexical word)
    câu thơ bảy chữ ― a seven-syllable line in a poem
    Viết một bài 100 chữ.
    Write a 100-word essay.
    • 2015 June 28, Joe Ruelle, Những kẻ lắm lời [The Chatterboxes]‎, episode 2:
      Vậy thì nếu mình chỉ tập trung vào chữ Đ bằng tiếng Việt mà so sánh với cái chữ F bằng tiếng Anh…
      So if we just focus on the Vietnamese Đ word as compared with the English F word…
  5. (informal) a Sinoxenic vocabulary item
    sính dùng chữ ― to be fond of using Chinese terms/expressions
    Cái đồ ngu mà thích nói chữ
    You're such a stupid Sinophile
  6. (historical) courtesy name
  7. (obsolete, literature) ancient words
    sách có chữ rằng ― the book says
    chữ nghĩa ― word and its meaning (literal); knowledge
  8. (obsolete) an old type of coin
    Một đồng một chữ cũng không có.
    to have not even one piastre or one chữ; to be very poor
  9. concept (as denoted by one Chinese character)
    • 2016, Trầm Hương, Trong cơn lốc xoáy, part I, NXB Phụ nữ, page 195:
      Em luôn sống trong nỗi đau khổ khi bị giằng xé giữa chữ hiếu và tình.
      I always suffer being torn apart between filial piety and love.

Usage notes

  • (ancient words): Used when quoting Chinese texts.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Từ điển công nghệ thông tin điện tử viễn thông Anh-Việt, 2000, page 838
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