ciężar

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Polish

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Etymology

From ciążyć +‎ -ar,[1][2] originally from the Masovian dialect,[3] or possibly inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžarъ.[4] First attested in 1551.[5]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕɛw̃.ʐar/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕɛ̃.ʐɒr/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛw̃ʐar
  • Syllabification: cię‧żar

Noun

ciężar m inan (related adjective ciężarowy)

  1. (uncountable) weight (force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation)
    Synonyms: ciężkość, waga
  2. (chiefly in the plural) weight, load, burden (something that weighs much)
    Synonym: brzemię
  3. (uncountable) burden, load (cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive)
    Synonyms: brzemię, troska, udręka
  4. (countable) burden (difficult obligations)
    Synonyms: brzemię, powinność, trud
  5. (chiefly in the plural, literary) charge, burden, duty (legally regulated need to fulfill specific obligations, most often financial, towards the state or some institution)
    Synonyms: obowiązek, powinność
  6. (in the plural, colloquial, sports) weightlifting
    Synonym: podnoszenie ciężarów
  7. (obsolete, countable) burden, duty (moral obligation)
  8. (obsolete, uncountable) worry, concern
    Synonym: zmartwienie
  9. (Middle Polish) weight; Further details are uncertain.
    • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum‎, page 464b:
      Gravitas ‒ Cżięząr.
      [Gravitas ‒ ciężar.]

Declension

Declension of ciężar
singular plural
nominative ciężar ciężary
genitive ciężaru ciężarów
dative ciężarowi ciężarom
accusative ciężar ciężary
instrumental ciężarem ciężarami
locative ciężarze ciężarach
vocative ciężarze ciężary

Derived terms

adjectives
nouns
prepositions
verbs
adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Descendants

  • → Kashubian: cãżôr
  • → Silesian: ciynżŏr
  • → Slovincian: cãżor

References

  1. ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “ciężar”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  2. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017) “ciężar”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ciężar”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  4. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ciężar”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  5. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ciężar”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia