dám

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "dam"

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

dám

  1. genitive plural of dáma

Etymology 2

Verb

dám

  1. first-person singular future indicative of dát

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Noun

dám (plural dámok)

  1. fallow deer (Dama dama)
    • 2006, Magyar Vadászlap (Hungarian Hunter Magazine)
      A dám jövője
      The Future of the Fallow Deer (title of the article)
    Synonym: dámvad

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative dám dámok
accusative dámot dámokat
dative dámnak dámoknak
instrumental dámmal dámokkal
causal-final dámért dámokért
translative dámmá dámokká
terminative dámig dámokig
essive-formal dámként dámokként
essive-modal — —
inessive dámban dámokban
superessive dámon dámokon
adessive dámnál dámoknál
illative dámba dámokba
sublative dámra dámokra
allative dámhoz dámokhoz
elative dámból dámokból
delative dámról dámokról
ablative dámtól dámoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		dámé dámoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		dáméi dámokéi
Possessive forms of dám
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. dámom dámjaim
2nd person sing. dámod dámjaid
3rd person sing. dámja dámjai
1st person plural dámunk dámjaink
2nd person plural dámotok dámjaitok
3rd person plural dámjuk dámjaik

Derived terms

Compound words

Further reading

  • dám in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • dám in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *dāmā, a collective term built on Proto-Celtic *dāmos (whence Proto-Brythonic *dọβ̃ (“client; son-in-law”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dōm-o-s (“belonging to the house”), a vṛddhi derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dom-o-s, thematized form of *dṓm (“house, home”).[1][2] Previously connected with Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “district, people”) from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“share”) but this derivation was rejected by Campanile,[3] who instead proposed the accepted etymology.

Related to dom (“home, house”) and déis (“client(s)”).

Pronunciation

Noun

dám f (genitive dámae, nominative plural dáma)

  1. company, retinue, party

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative dámL dáimL dámaH
Vocative dámL dáimL dámaH
Accusative dáimN dáimL dámaH
Genitive dámaeH dámL dámN
Dative dáimL dámaib dámaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: dám, dáim

Mutation

Mutation of dám
radical lenition nasalization
dám dám
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ 		ndám

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*dāmo/ā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 88-89
  2. ^ McCone, Kim (1992) “Varia I: The Etymology of Old Irish Déis 'client(s)'”, in Ériu, page 194
  3. ^ Campanile, Enrico (1974) “Un arcaismo morfologico del celtico”, in Università degli studi di Trieste

Further reading

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “In the transcription system used by Ferlus, the Mày form would be kətaːm³ and the Proto-Vietic form would be *k-taːmʔ.”

Attested as dĕám in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651). Cognate with Chut katam³ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018).

Compare Old Chinese 膽 (OC *ˤamʔ) (B-S).

Verb

dám • (敢, 噉, 㦑, 𪾋)

  1. to dare to do something
  2. (dialectal) to be likely to happen
  • thách (“to dare someone”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Vietic *jaːmʔ ~ ɲaːmʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *jaam. Cognate with Khmer យំ (yum).

Verb

dám

  1. (in certain dialects in Nghệ An) to weep, to cry
    Synonym: khóc
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