esternudar
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Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
Auvernhàs
Gascon
Lemosin
Provençau
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin sternūtāre. Compare Occitan esternudar, French éternuer, Spanish estornudar, frequentative of sternuō.
Pronunciation
Verb
esternudar (first-person singular present esternudo, first-person singular preterite esternudí, past participle esternudat)
- to sneeze
Conjugation
Conjugation of esternudar (first conjugation)
Derived terms
Related terms
- esternut m
References
- “esternudar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan (compare Catalan esternudar), from Latin sternutāre, frequentative of sternuō, whence also French éternuer.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
esternudar
- to sneeze
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esternudar | aver esternudat | |||||
| gerund | esternudant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esternudat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esternudi | esternudas | esternuda | esternudam | esternudatz | esternudan | |
| imperfect | esternudavi | esternudavas | esternudava | esternudàvem | esternudàvetz | esternudavan | |
| preterite | esternudèri | esternudères | esternudèt | esternudèrem | esternudèretz | esternudèron | |
| future | esternudarai | esternudaràs | esternudarà | esternudarem | esternudaretz | esternudaràn | |
| conditional | esternudariái | esternudariás | esternudariá | esternudariam | esternudariatz | esternudarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esternudèra | esternudèras | esternudèra | esternuderam | esternuderatz | esternudèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudes | esternude | esternudem | esternudetz | esternuden | |
| imperfect | esternudèssi | esternudèsses | esternudèsse | esternudèssem | esternudèssetz | esternudèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| esternuda | esternudem | esternudatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esternudar | aver esternudat | |||||
| gerund | esternudant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esternudat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudes | esternuda | esternudam | esternudatz | esternudon | |
| imperfect | esternudave | esternudaves | esternudava | esternudaviam | esternudaviatz | esternudavon | |
| preterite | esternudere | esternuderes | esternudet | esternudem | esternudetz | esternuderon | |
| future | esternudarai | esternudaràs | esternudará | esternudarem | esternudaretz | esternudarán | |
| conditional | esternudariá | esternudariás | esternudariá | esternudariam | esternudariatz | esternudarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esternudèra | esternudèras | esternudèra | esternuderam | esternuderatz | esternudèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudes | esternude | esternudassiam | esternudassiatz | esternudon | |
| imperfect | esternudesse | esternudesses | esternudesse | esternudessiam | esternudessiatz | esternudesson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| esternuda | esternudassiam | esternudatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esternudar | aver esternudat | |||||
| gerund | esternudant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esternudat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esternudi | esternudas | esternuda | esternudam | esternudatz | esternudan | |
| imperfect | esternudavi | esternudavas | esternudava | esternudàvam | esternudàvatz | esternudavan | |
| preterite | esternudèi | esternudès | esternudè | esternudèm | esternudètz | esternudèn | |
| future | esternudarèi | esternudaràs | esternudarà | esternudaram | esternudaratz | esternudaràn | |
| conditional | esternudarí | esternudarés | esternudaré | esternudarem | esternudaretz | esternudarén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esternudèra | esternudèras | esternudèra | esternuderam | esternuderatz | esternudèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esternudi | esternudes | esternude | esternudem | esternudetz | esternuden | |
| imperfect | esternudèssi | esternudèsses | esternudèsse | esternudèssem | esternudèssetz | esternudèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| esternuda | esternudem | esternudatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esternudar | aver esternudat | |||||
| gerund | esternudant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esternudat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudas | esternuda | esternudam | esternudatz | esternudan | |
| imperfect | esternudava | esternudavas | esternudava | esternudàvam | esternudàvatz | esternudavan | |
| preterite | esternudei | esternuderas | esternudet | esternudèram | esternudèratz | esternuderan | |
| future | esternudarai | esternudaràs | esternudará | esternudarem | esternudaretz | esternudarán | |
| conditional | esternudariá | esternudariàs | esternudariá | esternudariam | esternudariatz | esternudarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esternudèra | esternudèras | esternudèra | esternuderam | esternuderatz | esternudèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudes | esternude | esternudem | esternudetz | esternuden | |
| imperfect | esternudèsse | esternudèsses | esternudèsse | esternudèssem | esternudèssetz | esternudèssen | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| esternuda | esternudem | esternudatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | esternudar | aver esternudat | |||||
| gerund | esternudant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | esternudat | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudes | esternuda | esternudam | esternudatz | esternudan | |
| imperfect | esternudavi | esternudavas | esternudava | esternudàvem | esternudàvetz | esternudavan | |
| preterite | esternudère | esternudères | esternudèt | esternuderiam | esternuderiatz | esternudèron | |
| future | esternudarai | esternudaràs | esternudarà | esternudarem | esternudaretz | esternudaràn | |
| conditional | esternudariáu | esternudariás | esternudariá | esternudariam | esternudariatz | esternudarián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | esternudèra | esternudèras | esternudèra | esternuderam | esternuderatz | esternudèran | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | esternude | esternudes | esternude | esternudem | esternudetz | esternudan | |
| imperfect | esternudèsse | esternudèsses | esternudèsse | esternudessiam | esternudessiatz | esternudèsson | |
| compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| esternuda | esternudem | esternudatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||