forcer

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English

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Wikipedia
Rhubarb forcers in a restaurant vegetable garden

Etymology

From force +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

Noun

forcer (plural forcers)

  1. agent noun of force
  2. The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump.
  3. A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.
  4. A bell-shaped lidded pot for growing rhubarb, used to limit photosynthesis by excluding light, encouraging early-season growth and blanched stems.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French forcier, from Vulgar Latin *fortiāre, a verb based on Late Latin fortia, a noun based on Latin fortis (“strong”).

Pronunciation

Verb

forcer

  1. to force

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of forcer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple forcer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple forçant
/fɔʁ.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle forcé
/fɔʁ.se/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present force
/fɔʁs/ 		forces
/fɔʁs/ 		force
/fɔʁs/ 		forçons
/fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ 		forcez
/fɔʁ.se/ 		forcent
/fɔʁs/
imperfect forçais
/fɔʁ.sɛ/ 		forçais
/fɔʁ.sɛ/ 		forçait
/fɔʁ.sɛ/ 		forcions
/fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ 		forciez
/fɔʁ.sje/ 		forçaient
/fɔʁ.sɛ/
past historic2 forçai
/fɔʁ.se/ 		forças
/fɔʁ.sa/ 		força
/fɔʁ.sa/ 		forçâmes
/fɔʁ.sam/ 		forçâtes
/fɔʁ.sat/ 		forcèrent
/fɔʁ.sɛʁ/
future forcerai
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ 		forceras
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ 		forcera
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁa/ 		forcerons
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ 		forcerez
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁe/ 		forceront
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional forcerais
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ 		forcerais
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ 		forcerait
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ 		forcerions
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		forceriez
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁje/ 		forceraient
/fɔʁ.sə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present force
/fɔʁs/ 		forces
/fɔʁs/ 		force
/fɔʁs/ 		forcions
/fɔʁ.sjɔ̃/ 		forciez
/fɔʁ.sje/ 		forcent
/fɔʁs/
imperfect2 forçasse
/fɔʁ.sas/ 		forçasses
/fɔʁ.sas/ 		forçât
/fɔʁ.sa/ 		forçassions
/fɔʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ 		forçassiez
/fɔʁ.sa.sje/ 		forçassent
/fɔʁ.sas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — force
/fɔʁs/ 		— forçons
/fɔʁ.sɔ̃/ 		forcez
/fɔʁ.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

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