gjuhë

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See also: gjuhe

Albanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unclear. Akin to Arbëresh glunzë (“voice”). Possibilities include:

  1. Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gol(H)-s-os, via a byform *gl̥(H)-s-ós, whence also Proto-Slavic *golsъ (“voice”), Lithuanian gal̃sas (“voice”), Proto-Germanic *kalz-ōną (“to call”).[1] However the medial -h- instead of expected **-sh- is left unexplained.
  2. From a byform *ǵʰnud-sḱ-eh₂, doubly methasised from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s ~ *dn̥ǵʰuh₂és (“tongue”). Compare Tocharian B kantwo, also metathised. The outcome gl- (and later gj-) from original *ǵ(ʰ)n- is also attested in gju (“knee”).[2] The usage of the infixed *-sḱ- does not seem have any parallels.
  3. A connection with Ancient Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa),[3] itself of unclear origin, cannot be proven.[4]

Pronunciation

Noun

gjuhë f (plural gjuhë or (dialectal) gjuhëra／gjuhëna, definite gjuha)

  1. tongue (organ)
    gjuhë lope e zier ― boiled beef tongue
    Dogji gjuhën.
    I burned my tongue.
    1. (figurative) speech, talking
      Synonym: gojë
      Mbaje gjuhën!
      Hold your tongue!
      E ka gjuhën të gjatë.
      She is very talkative.
      (literally, “She has a long tongue.”)
    2. strip of land
      Synonym: rrip
    3. bell clapper, clanger, tongue
      Synonym: gjuhëz
  2. language, tongue
    gjuha shqipe ― the Albanian language
    1. register, speech, style
      Synonyms: ligjërim, stil
      gjuha e fëmijëve ― children speech
      gjuhë e trashë ― foul language
      gjuha e shkrimtarit ― the author's style
    2. language (generally, any form of communication)
      gjuha e muzikës ― music's language
      gjuha e bletëve ― bees' language
    3. (colloquial) local dialect
      Synonyms: e folme, dialekt
    4. (colloquial) Albanian, as a subject in school

Declension

Declension of gjuhë
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative gjuhë gjuha gjuhë gjuhët
accusative gjuhën
dative gjuhe gjuhës gjuhëve gjuhëve
ablative gjuhësh

Derived terms

multiword terms
compounds

References

  1. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “gjuhë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 138
  2. ^ Huld, Martin E. (1984) “gjuhë”, in Basic Albanian Etymologies, Columbus: Slavica Publishers, →ISBN, page 71
  3. ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi
  4. ^ Meyer, G. (1891) “ǵuan”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 142
  • “gjúh/ë,~a”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980, page 625f.
  • Mann, S. E. (1948) “gjuhë”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 149ab
  • Tagliavini, Carlo (1937) “ǵu”, in L'albanese di Dalmazia. (in Italian), Florence: Leo S. Olschki, page 131
  • Barić, Henrik (1919) Albanorumänishe studien. I. Teil (Zur Kunde der Balkanhalbinsel. Quellen und Forschungen; 7) (in German), Sarajevo: Institut für Balkanforschung, page 35
  • Leotti, Angelo (1916) “gjuhën-a”, in L'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli, page 83
  • Weigand, Gustav (1914) “gjuhën-a gjuh-a”, in Albanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, page 26a
  • Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “γϳούχ̇ε̯”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens, page 83f.
  • Jungg, G. (1895) “ghiuh”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 38a
  • Rossi, F. (1875) Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 466f.
  • Bardhi, Frang (1635) Dictionarium Latino Epiroticum (overall work in Latin and Albanian), page 49: “lingua — giuha”
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